Musculoskeletal Exam

Question 1

Ligaments

Answer 1

Bone to bone attachment

Question 2

Tendon

Answer 2

Muscle to bone attachment

Question 3

Flexion

Answer 3

The action of bending, decreasing (or moving) closer to the joint

Question 4

Abduction

Answer 4

Moving away from midline

Question 5

Extension

Answer 5

Increases the angle of the joint

Question 6

Adduction

Answer 6

Moving towards midline

Question 7

Hyperextension

Answer 7

Extending past the normal joint angle

Question 8

Internal rotation

Answer 8

Medial rotation, rotation towards the center of the body

Question 9

Rotation

Answer 9

Rotating around an axis or center

Question 10

External rotation

Answer 10

Lateral rotation, turning outwardly or away from midline

Question 11

Lateral bending

Answer 11

Bending side to side, feet flat on floor for lower back (can do lateral bending with the c-spine)

Question 12

Inversion

Answer 12

Turning inward of the limb, usually has to do with the foot

Question 13

Supination

Answer 13

Rotation of the hand or forearm so that the palmar surface is facing up

Question 14

Eversion

Answer 14

Turning outward of a limb, usually in relation to the foot

Question 15

Pronation

Answer 15

Rotation of the hand or forearm so that the palmar surface is facing down

Question 16

Plantar flexion

Answer 16

Bending forward of the foot. Basically the toes are pointing down (rotation at the ankle)

Question 17

Radial deviation

Answer 17

Moving the thumb side of hand in toward the middle of the body, only movement comes at the wrist

Question 18

Dorsiflexion

Answer 18

Pulling the foot upward toward the shin. Rotation is at the ankle joint)

Question 19

Ulnar deviation

Answer 19

Moving the pinky side of hand out from midline. Only movement comes from the wrist

Question 20

Myopathy

Answer 20

Disease of muscle tissue

Question 21

Neuropathy

Answer 21

Disease or dysfunction of peripheral nerves. Can cause numbness or weakness

Question 22

Polyneuropathy

Answer 22

Simultaneous malfunction or disease in many peripheral nerves. Usually occurs in the same areas on both sides and starts in hands and feet, moves to arms and legs. (ex: Diabetes, Guillian Barre syndrome)

Question 23

Fracture

Answer 23

Cracking or breaking of a bone

Question 24

Sprain

Answer 24

Stretch or tear of a ligament. Most common in ankles

Question 25

Strain

Answer 25

Stretching or pulling of a muscle or tendon to an extreme or damaging degree

Question 26

Dislocation

Answer 26

Normal position of a joint is disturbed (two bones move in abnormal ways causing disruption of the joint)

Question 27

Subluxation

Answer 27

Partial dislocation, or displacement from normal

Question 28

Why would you examine additional body systems with musculoskeletal complaint

Answer 28

If an affected limb is not moving properly it may be due to some sort of neuropathy

Question 29

Piece of equipment needed for musculoskeletal exam

Answer 29

Goniometer

Question 30

Grading system for muscle strength

Answer 30

On a scale of 0-5. (1/5,2/5 etc) 0: No firing of muscle fibers at all 1: No movement, slight contractions 2: Movement when gravity is eliminated 3: Movement against gravity only 4: Slightly decreased muscle function (moves against gravity and some resistance, not great strength) 5: Normal strength

Question 31

Why would you examine a joint above and below area of complaint

Answer 31

1. Complaint may be a referred pain issue from inflammation or injury of a joint 2. Could be referred pain from an organ (i.e. cholecystitis)

Question 32

Why do you assess contralateral side

Answer 32

1. Assess for symmetry 2. Assess for similar muscle strength 3. Unaffected side can give you a baseline for the affected side

Question 33

AROM

Answer 33

Range of motion through which a patient can actively move without assistance

Question 34

Why do you measure AROM first

Answer 34

Determining the limitations of the pt prior to any manipulation

Question 35

PROM

Answer 35

Passive range of motion. The moving of a joint and range of motion without exertion of the patient. Movement is done by provider

Question 36

When is PROM evaluated

Answer 36

Should happen after AROM

Question 37

How many degrees does PROM exceed AROM

Answer 37

5 degrees