Musculoskeletal Syestem Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is bone?
A living, growing, and developing tissue requiring supplies of oxygen and nutrients.
What system provides support and movement?
The musculoskeletal system.
What is the structure of a typical bone?
A shaft of compact bone with enlarged spongy ends arranged in thin irregular sheets or trabeculae.
What lies underneath the growth plates in bones?
Growth plates responsible for bone growth in terms of height.
What is the function of bone marrow?
The site of blood cell production and where stem cells can be found.
What can stem cells develop into?
Any type of cell.
What covers the ends of bones that articulate with neighboring bones?
A protective layer of cartilage.
What was the skeleton made of during development in the womb?
Tough but springy cartilage.
What proteins remain in bones after birth?
- Collagen
- Chondrin
What cells invade the cartilage of the early skeleton?
Osteoblasts.
What do osteoblasts deposit in the bone?
Mineral salts such as calcium phosphate.
What do osteoblasts become after depositing their minerals?
Osteocytes.
What is the role of osteocytes?
To help maintain the bone as it forms and increases in size.
What type of cell removes bone?
Osteoclast.
How do osteoclasts remove bone?
By using enzymes to dissolve the bone salts.
What happens to osteoblasts and osteoclasts during new physical activity?
They work together to re-sculpt the skeleton.
What hormone influences osteoblast activity?
Oestrogen.
What happens to oestrogen levels after menopause in women?
They drop, leading to a balance favoring osteoclasts.
What condition can result from the imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts in older age?
Osteoporosis.
Is osteoporosis more common in men or women?
Women.
Fill in the blank: The ends of bones are covered in a protective layer of _______.
cartilage
True or False: Osteoclasts and osteoblasts normally work in harmony.
True
List three bones found in the human body.
- Clavicle
- Humerus
- Femur
What happens to bone density as one ages due to changes in oestrogen levels?
Bone becomes thinner and more brittle.
