Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(42 cards)
What are bursae?
Fluid-filled sacs - reduce friction.
What is a ligament?
Fibrous connective tissue - joins bones/cartilage.
What is a tendon?
Fibrous connective tissue - joins muscle to one.
What are the 3 types of joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial.
Connective tissue: fat (function) and fibrous (state the 2 types)
Fat: insulation & shock absorption.
Fibrous: (A) White fibrous (dense tissue composed of collagen bundles) - forms ligaments, tendons & protective membranes around muscle (B) Yellow (elastic).
State the 3 types of cartilage & where they are located.
Hyaline (articular cartilage in joints & respiratory system - trachea), fibrocartilage (articular discs in joints, intervertebral discs & around edge of ball & socket), & elastic (external ear, auditory tube, epiglottis & larynx).
State the 3 regions of long bone:
Epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis.
What & where is the epiphyseal plate? State its function.
The growth plate in the metaphysis of long bone.
Site of bone growth & ossification in children.
Describe Ruffini corpuscles & Paciniform endings.
Mechanoreceptors which detect stretch & pressure.
Describe the structure of a synovial joint.
2 bones covered by articular cartilage - joint cavity contains synovial fluid, covered by a synovial membrane and articular capsule.
Function of hinge joints.
Flexion & extension.
Function of pivot joints
Rotation around one axis.
E.g. elbow
Function of Bicondylar joints
movement in one axis & limited rotation around another axis.
E.g. Knee
Function of Condylar joints
Movement in 2 planes (biaxial) - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction.
E.g. wrist.
Function of Ball and socket joints
Movement in 3 planes (multi-axial).
E.g. hip & shoulder
Function of Saddle joints.
Biaxial.
Permit flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction.
E.g. carpometacarpal joint of thumb.
Function of synovial fluid.
Lubricates joint - reduces friction between articular surfaces.
Compare abduction & adduction.
Abduction: moving away from centre of body.
Adduction: moving toward centre of body.
State the spinal regions & no. of vertebrae in each.
Cervical (C1-7)
Thoracic (T1-12)
Lumbar (L1-5)
Below: sacrum & coccyx.
State & point to the major muscles of the body (anterior).
frontalis. zygomaticus sternocleidomastoid trapezius deltoid pectoralis major biceps brachii rectus abdomina external oblique sartorius gracilis abbudctor longus rectus femoralis vastus laterals
State & point to major muscles of body (posterior)
trapezius infraspinatus teres minor deltoid teres major triceps brachii latissimus dorsi external oblique gluteus maximus biceps femoris semitendinosus gastrocnemius calcaneal tendon
Name the 7 main Tarsal bones
Tiger Cubs Need MILC
Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Medical cuneiform, Intermediate cuneiform, Lateral cuneiform, Cuboid.
Define Synctium.
a multinucleated cell.
Often cells interconnected by specialized membrane with gap junctions.
Describe smooth muscle.
Involuntary, non-striated muscle.
Forms walls of blood vessels & hollow organs (stomach).
Contracts less powerfully than skeletal, but maintains for longer.
