Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
articulation
A
place of union between two or more bones; also called joint
2
Q
hematopoiesis
A
production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow
3
Q
ligaments
A
connective tissue that surrounds the joint capsule to bind bones to other bones
4
Q
tendons
A
connective tissue that binds muscle to bone on either side of a joint
5
Q
adduction
A
moves closer to midline
6
Q
abduction
A
moves away from the midline
7
Q
flexion
A
decreases the angle of a joint
8
Q
extension
A
increases the angle of a joint
9
Q
rotation
A
moves a bone around its own axis
10
Q
pronation
A
turns the palm downward
11
Q
supination
A
turns the palm upward
12
Q
inversion
A
moves the sole of the foot inward
13
Q
eversion
A
moves the sole the foot downward
14
Q
dorsiflexion
A
elevates the foot
15
Q
plantar flexion
A
lowers the foot (point the toes)
16
Q
leiomy/o
A
smooth (visceral) muscle
17
Q
muscul/o
A
muscle
18
Q
my/o
A
muscle
19
Q
rhabd/o
A
rod-shaped (striated)
20
Q
rhabdomy/o
A
rod-shaped (striated) muscle
21
Q
brachi/o
A
arm
22
Q
carp/o
A
carpus (wrist bone)
23
Q
cephal/o
A
head
24
Q
cervic/o
A
neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)
25
clavivul/o
clavicle (collar bone)
26
cost/o
ribs
27
crani/o
cranium (skull)
28
dactyl/o
fingers; toes
29
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
30
metcarp/o
metacarpus (hand bones)
31
phalang/o
phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes)
32
radi/o
radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side)
33
spondyl/o
vertebrae (backbone)
34
vertebr/o
vertebrae (backbone)
35
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
36
thorac/o
chest
37
calcane/o
calcaneum (heel bone)
38
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
39
fibul/o
fibula (smaller bone of the lower leg)
40
ili/o
ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone)
41
ischi/o
ischium (lower portions of the hip bone)
42
lumb/o
loins (lower back)
43
metatars/o
metatarsus (foot bones)
44
patell/o
patella (knee cap)
45
pelv/i
pelvis
46
pelv/o
pelvis
47
pod/o
foot
48
pub/o
pubis (anterior part of the pelvic bone)
49
tibi/o
tibia (larger bone of the lower leg)
50
ankyl/o
stiffness; bent, crooked
51
arthr/o
joint
52
chondr/o
cartilage
53
fasci/o
band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
54
fibr/o
fiber, fibrous tissue
55
kyph/o
humpback
56
lamin/o
lamina (part of the vertebral arch)
57
lord/o
curve, swayback
58
myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord
59
orth/o
straight
60
oste/o
bone
61
ped/o
foot; child
62
ped/i
foot
63
scoli/o
crooked, bent
64
synov/o
synovial membrane, synovial fluid
65
ten/o
tendon
66
tend/o
tendon
67
tendin/o
tendin
68
-asthemia
weakness, debility
69
-clasia
to break; surgical fracture
70
-clast
to break; surgical fracture
71
-desis
bind, fixation (of a bone or joint)
72
-malacia
softening
73
-porosis
porous
74
-sarcoma
malignant tumor of connective tissue
75
a-
without, not
76
dys-
bad; painful; difficult
77
syn-
union, together, joined
78
bunion (hallux valgus)
deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes
79
carpal tunnel syndrome
painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel
80
claudication
lameness, limping
81
contracture
fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or join capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
82
crepitation
dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
83
ganglion cyst
fluid-filled tumor that commonly develops along the tendons or joint of the wrists or hands but also may appear in the feet
84
gout
joint inflammation caused by the uric acid crystal deposits in the joint space
85
herniated disk
rupture of a vertebral disk's center (nucleus pulposus) through its outer edge, causing pain, numbness, or weakness in one or both legs; also called slipped disc or herniated nucleus pulposus
86
hypotonia
loss of muscle tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching
87
myasthenia gravis
chronic, progressive disorder characterized by muscle weakness and droopiness, especially in the eyes, face, throat, and limbs
88
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow and the soft tissue that surrounds the bone
89
osteoporosis
loss of calcium and bone tissue, causing the bones to become porous, brittle, and easily fractured; most commonly seen in postmenopausal women
90
paget disease
chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs, the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull
91
phantom limb
perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists
92
rickets
form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis
93
spinal curvatures
any persistent, abnormal deviation of the vertebral column from its normal position that causes an abnormal spinal curvature
94
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, either to the right or to the left; also called C-shaped curvature
95
kyphosis
abnormal curvature of the upper portion of the spine; also known as humpback or hunchback
96
lordosis
abnormal, inward curvature of a portion of the lower part of the spine; also known as swayback
97
spondyloisthesis
any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it
98
spondylosis
degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues
99
sprain and strain
overstretching or tearing of ligaments (sprain) or muscle or tendon (strain)
100
subluxation
partial or incomplete dislocation of one or more vertebrae
101
talipes equinovarus
congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called clubfoot
102
arthrography
series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint
103
bone density test (bone densitometry)
noninvasive procedure that uses low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and usually measure bones of the spine, hip, and forearm; also called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
104
discography
radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures with injection of a contrast medium
105
lumbosacral spinal radiography
radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views of the lower spine
106
myelography
radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions
107
bone scintigraphy
nuclear medicine procedure that involves intravenous injection of a radionuclide taken up into the bone
108
amputation
partial or complete removal of an extremity as a result of disease, trauma, or a circulatory disorder
109
arthrocentesis
puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid or inject medications
110
arthroclasia
surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement
111
arthroscopy
visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope
112
bone grafting
implantation or transplantation of bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue
113
bursectomy
excision of a bursa
114
laminoectomy
excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra
115
sequestrectomy
excision of a sequestrum (segment of a necrosed bone)
116
total hip replacement
surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis
117
bone immbolization
procedure used to restrict movement, stabilize and protect a fracture, and facilitate the healing process
118
casting
bone immoblization by application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or similar material
119
splinting
bone immbolization by application of an orthopedic device to the injured body part
120
traction
set of mechanisms for straightening broken bones or relieving pressure on the spine and skeletal system
