Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
electrolyte
A
mineral salt of the body that carries an electrical charge and regulates nerve impulses, muscle contraction, hydration, and blood pH
2
Q
filtrate
A
fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli into Bowman capsule
3
Q
nitrogenous waste
A
product of protein metabolism that includes urea, uric acid, creatine, and ammonia
4
Q
peristaltic wave
A
sequence of rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow
5
Q
peritoneum
A
serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity
6
Q
pH
A
symbol that expresses the alkalinity or acidity of a solution
7
Q
plasma
A
liquid portion of blood that is filtered by the nephrons to remove dissolved wastes
8
Q
albumin/o
A
albumin, protein
9
Q
azot/o
A
nitrogenous compounds
10
Q
bacteri/o
A
bacteria (singular, bacterium)
11
Q
cyst/o
A
bladder
12
Q
vesic/o
A
bladder
13
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus
14
Q
kal/i
A
potassium (an electrolyte)
15
Q
keton/o
A
ketone bodies (acids and acetones)
16
Q
lith/o
A
stone, calculus
17
Q
meat/o
A
opening, meatus
18
Q
nephr/o
A
kidney
19
Q
ren/o
A
kidney
20
Q
noct/o
A
night
21
Q
olig/o
A
scanty
22
Q
py/o
A
pus
23
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
24
Q
ur/o
A
urine, urinary tract
25
ureter/o
ureter
26
urethr/o
urethra
27
-genesis
forming; producing; origin
28
-iasis
abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
29
-uria
urine
30
dia-
through, across
31
retro-
backward, behind
32
anuria
absence of urine production or output
33
bladder neck obstruction (BNO)
blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra
34
cystocele
prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between the bladder and vagina
35
end-stage renal disease
any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival
36
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine; also called incontinence
37
fistula
abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another
38
hydronephrosis
abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys caused by pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract
39
interstitial cystitis (IC)
chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy; also called painful bladder syndrome
40
nephrotic syndrome
loss of large amount of plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane
41
neurogenic bladder
impairment of bladder control as a result of brain, spinal cord, or nerve damage
42
polycystic kidney disease
inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys
43
pyelonephritis
infection of the kidney, usually the result of an infection that begins in the urethra or bladder and ascends the ureters to the kidney
44
urgency
sensation of the need to void immediately
45
urinary tract infection (UTI)
an infection, typically of bacterial origin, in any part of the urinary tract, including the kidneys (acute pyelonephritis), bladder (cystitis), or urethra (urethritis)
46
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually as a result of impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter
47
Wilms tumor
rapidly developing malignant tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children; also called nephroblastoma
48
electromyography
measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra
49
cystoscopy
examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, to obtain biopsies of tumors or other growths, or to remove polyps
50
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
test that determines the amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea, a waste product of protein metabolism
51
culture and sensitivity (C & S)
test that determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics
52
urinalysis
urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation
53
bladder ultrasound
a noninvasive painless test that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the bladder before and after urination to check for urinary retention
54
intravenous pyelography
imaging of the urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium; also called execratory urography
55
renal nuclear scan
nuclear imaging test using a radioactive substance (tracer) injected intravenously to produce images of the kidney
56
voiding cystourethrography
x-ray of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging
57
kidney transplant
replacement of a disease kidney with one that is supplied by a compatible donor (usually a family member or a cadaver who has donated the kidney before death)
58
nephrostomy
opening created between the skin and kidney to drain urine through a tube to a collecting receptacle outside the body when the ureters are unable to do so
59
ureteral stent placement
insertion of a thin, narrow tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney
60
dialysis
filtering procedure used to remove fluid and waste products from the blood and correct for electrolyte imbalances
61
hemodialysis
dialysis in which an artificial kidney machine receives waste-filled blood, filters it using a solution called a dialysate, and then returns the dialyzed (clean) blood to the patient's blood stream
62
peritoneal dialysis
dialysis in which toxic substances are removed from the body by using the peritoneal membrane as the filter by perfusing (flushing) the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution
