Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the 5 basic bone functions?
Structure, leverage, protection, mineral reserves, blood cell production
How much of a dried bone is organic vs. inorganic?
Organic: 30%
Inorganic: 70%
What are the 3 types of bone cells called?
Osteoblasts, osteocytes, & osteoclasts
What are osteoblasts?
They lay down the collagen matrix
What are osteocytes?
They are responsible for maintaining bone matrix
What are osteoclasts?
They are large cells that release minerals from the bone
What are fibrous joints?
Joints where the bones are brought together with a dense connective tissue
What are cartilage joints?
Joints where the bones are connected with cartilage
What are synovial joints?
Moveable joints enclosed with a joint capsule, where articular cartilage covers contact surfaces of the 2 bones, and synovial fluid acts as a lubricant, and provides nutrients
What is flexion?
When the angle between 2 bones decreases
What is extension?
When the angle between 2 bones increases
What is abduction?
When a part is moved away from the body
What is adduction?
When a part is moved closer to the body
What are hinge joints?
Joints that allow movement on 1 axis
What are pivot joints?
Joints that allow rotation around a joint
What are ellipsoid joints?
Joints that allow both hinge & rotation movement
What are ball-and-socket joints?
Joints that allow for movement in any direction
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
Skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum
What does the vertebral column consist of?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, & sacral vertebrae
What is the appendicular skeleton?
Bones of the limbs
Why does a falling cat rarely break a leg?
The elbow flexes as the scapula rotates, they become more likely to break their lower jaw on impact
How do you diagnose a torn cranial cruciate ligament in dogs?
With the cranial drawer sign
What two parts does a long bone divide into?
The diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (ends)
What is ossification?
When cartilage is replaced by true bone
