Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(69 cards)
1
Q
what is the function of a ligament?
A
- connect bones together at joints
- provide stability & support
- helps to prevent excessive movement
2
Q
what is the function of red marrow?
A
produces blood cells
3
Q
what is the function of osteoclasts?
A
helps remodel bone by breaking down old/damaged bone, allowing new bone to form in its place
4
Q
what are the properties of growth plates?
A
- found in ends of long bones
- layers of cartilage where new bone is produces during childhood & adolescence
5
Q
what are the properties of a compact bone?
A
- dense
- strong
- forms outer layer of shell of bones
- composed of tightly packed bone cells
6
Q
what is the movement of a sliding joint?
A
bones glide past one another
7
Q
what is the function of osteocytes?
A
maintain bone tissue & help regulate balance of minerals in bone
8
Q
what are examples of a saddle joint?
A
thumb
9
Q
where are hyaline cartilage found?
A
found in gowth plates & ribs
10
Q
what is the funtion of cartilage?
A
- reduces friction in joints
- critical role in bone growth at growth plates
11
Q
what are the properties of collagen?
A
gives bones tensile strength
12
Q
what is the chondrin?
A
gelatinous substance found in cartilage
13
Q
what are the lifestyle changes for osteoporosis?
A
- diet- adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D
- weight-bearing exercises- stimulate bone formation and maintain bone density
- reuce weight- puts less strain on bones
14
Q
what are the properties of calcium phosphate?
A
mineral compound making up most of bones inorganic matrix
15
Q
what is arthritis?
A
- group of conditions which cause inflammation of the joints
- leads to pain, swelling & reduced mobility
16
Q
what is the function of chondrin?
A
allows cartilage resistance & elastic
17
Q
how do you monitor osteoporosis?
A
- bone density scans- monitor progression of osteoporosis and assess risk of fractures
- blood tests- measure calcium and vitamin D levels
- fracture risk assessments- evaluate likelyhood of experiencng fractures
18
Q
what is a contraction?
A
muscle shorterns, pulling on tendons, moves bone at joint
19
Q
what are the properties of cartilage?
A
- flexible tissue found at joints, growth plates & other areas of the skeleton
20
Q
what are the treatments of arthritis?
A
- medication- reduce pain and inflammation
- biologic therapies- target specific points of immune system to rduce inflammation
- physical therapy- improves joint flexibility, muscl strength and reduce stiffness
21
Q
what are the properties of osteocytes?
A
embedded in bone matrix & lacunae
22
Q
what is the movement of a ball & socket joint?
A
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation & circumduction
23
Q
what is the function of calcium phosphate?
A
hardens bone matrix, giving bones rigidity & strength
24
Q
what are the possible causes of osteoprosis?
A
- aging- as people age, bone density decreases
- sedintary lifestyle- physical activity leads to lack of bone stimulation
- smoking & alcohol- weakens bones & reduces bodies ability to bsorb calcium
25
what is the function of a compact bone?
- supports body weight
- provides pretection
- contains small channels for blood vessels & nerves
26
what are the properties of osteoblasts?
- bone forming cells that screte bone matrix
- later mineralizes to become hard bone
27
what is are examples of a pivot joint?
neck
28
what is the function of a muscle?
- responsible for movement
- contract & relax to create motion
- essential for physical activity
29
wht is the function of synovial fluid?
- lubricates the joint
- reduces friction between articulating surfaces of bones
30
what is the movement of a saddle joint?
flexion, extension, abduction & adduction
31
what are the properties of trabeculae?
small lattice-like structures within spongy bone
32
how do genetic factors result in RA?
family history can increase the risk
33
how does environmental triggers result in RA?
smoking/certain infections may trigger immune systems abnormal response
34
what is the function of articular cartilage?
covers ends of bones in joints, reducing friction
35
how does RA result in autoimmune disease?
- attacks synovial membrane lining the joints
- causing inflmmation & damage
36
what are the causes of osteoarthritis?
1. wear & tear- due to repetitive joint use and aging
2. injury- previous joint injury increases risk
3. genetics- excessive weight puts additional pressure on weight bearing joints, leading to cartilage breakdown
37
what is the movement of a pivot joint?
rotation
38
what are the effects of arthritis?
1. joint pain- OA & RA cause pain in affected joints
- swelling & stiffness
2. reduced mobility- limits movement, impacting ability to walk, climb stairs or carry out basic skills
3. deformities & weakness- RA leads to joint deformities & muscle weakness
39
what is the function of yellow marrow?
stores fat
40
what is the function of osteoblasts?
produces new bone tissue during growth & repair
41
what is the movement of a fixed joint?
no movement
42
what is the function of bone marrow?
essential for production of blood cells
43
what is the movement of a hinge joint?
flexion & extension
44
how do you monitor arthritis?
1. blood tests- check for inflammatory markers
2. x-rays- help track progression of arthritis by visualizing cartilage loss
3. MRI scans- provide detailed images of soft tissues
45
what is an agonist?
contracting muscle
46
what is the function of synovial membrane?
- lines inner surface of joing capsule
- secretes synovial fluid
47
what is the function of cartilage?
- covers ends of bones
- provides cushioning & reduces friction
48
what are the treatments for osteoporosis?
1. medication- slow bone loss
2. calcium & vitamin D supplements- support bone health and calcium absorption
3. physiotherapy
49
what is an antagonist?
relaxing muscle
50
what is an example of a hinge joint?
knee & elbow
51
what are examples of a fixed joint?
cranium & pelvis
52
what are the care needs for arthritis?
1. mobility aids- reduce strain on joints
2. home modifications- prevent falls and make movement easier
3. emotional support
53
what is the function of a bone?
- provide structural support for the body
- protect vital organs
- store minerals
- house bone marrow
54
what are examples of ball & socket joints?
hip & shoulder
55
what are the properties of osteoclasts?
break down tissue by dissolving bone matrix
56
what is the function of a tendon?
- connects muscles to bones
- when muscles contract, pull on tendons, pull on bones to create movement
57
what are the 2 types of cartilage?
1. articular cartilage
2. hyaline crtilage
58
what are antagonistic pairs?
muscles work opposite eachother to create movement
59
what is the funtion of trabeculae?
provide structural support to bone
60
what is the function of growth plates?
- allow bones to grow in length as children develop
- as growth completes, cartilage in these plates replaced by bone
61
what are the effects of osteoporosis?
1. loss of height- cause compression on the spine, leading to height loss & stopped posture
2. chronic pain- fractured lead too chronic, severe back pain & long term disability
3. reduced mobility & independence- struggle with reduced mobility, which can impair ability to live independently
62
what is osteoporosis?
- characterized by weakening of bones, making them more prone to fractures
- bones become brittle & fragile
63
what are the 2 types of bone marrow?
1. red marrow
2. yellow marrow
64
what is the function of collagen?
provides bone flexibility & resistance to tension
65
what is the function of a joint capsule?
stabalizes the joint
66
what are the 2 types of arthritis?
1. osteoarthritis
2. rheumatoid arthritis
67
what are examples of a sliding joint?
wrist & ankle
68
what are the care needs for osteoprosis?
1. check eyesight- reduce tripping risks
2. emotional support
3. exercise programs- improve balance, strength and bone density
69
where is bone marrow located?
inside trabeculae & within medullary cavity
