Respiratory system

Question 1

how do you treat emphysema?

Answer 1

• inhalers
• nebulisers
• stop smoking
• pulmonary rehab
• oxygen therapy

Question 2

how do you treat asthma?

Answer 2

• preventative inhaler
• reliever inhaler
• identification of triggers
• nebulisers

Question 3

what happens to the intercostal muscles during inspiration?

Answer 3

• contract
• move ribs upwards & outwards
• increases size of chest
• decreases air pressure inside

Question 4

how do you monitor emphysema?

Answer 4

• lung function tests
• chest x-rays
• CT scan

Question 5

what are the products of lactic acid?

Answer 5

breaks down using oxygen

Question 6

what happens to the pleural membranes during expiration?

Answer 6

• cavity pressure reverses
• temporarily collapses bronchi
• limits airflow

Question 7

how do you monitor asthma?

Answer 7

• peak flow
• regular GP checkups

Question 8

what is the function of the bronchi?

Answer 8

carry air from trachea to lungs

Question 9

what are some triggers of asthma?

Answer 9

• dust
• pollen
• cigarrete smoke
• exercise
• animal fur

Question 10

what is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 10

• caused by a defective gene on one of our chromosomes
• produce thick & sticky mucus->blocks bronchioles of respiratory gases
• mucus traps bacteria

Question 11

what are properties of alveoli walls?

Answer 11

• vast number of air sacs
• one cell thick
• inner surface coated with water

Question 12

what are the properties of the intercostal muscles?

Answer 12

• located between & attached to ribs
• helps with breathing by controlling movement of chest

Question 13

what are the properties of the diaphram?

Answer 13

• doomed sheet of muscle
• seperates lungs from digestive organs
• muscle used for breathing

Question 14

what are the properties of the trachea?

Answer 14

• windpipe made from cartilage
• carries air from larynx to lungs
• protected from food particles by epiglottis

Question 15

what are the properties of the pleural membrane?

Answer 15

• thin layer of tissue
• lines chest cavity & covers lungs
• protects & cushions the lungs
• helps them move smoothly while breathing

Question 16

what is the function of plasma?

Answer 16

transports carbon dioxide from body cells to lungs

Question 17

what are physical effects of emphysema?

Answer 17

• destruction of alveoli in lungs
• less SA for gaseous exchange
• less oxygen obtained by body
• lack of energy
• immobile

Question 18

how do you treat cystic fibrosis?

Answer 18

• steroids
• physiotherapy
• oxygen therapy
• regular monitoring
• lung transplant
• dietary supplements

Question 19

what is the function of pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen?

Answer 19

break down into water & carbon dioxide

Question 20

what is the second stage of cellular respiration?

Answer 20

• chemical passes into mitochondria of cell
• has a series of reactions resulting in more energy released

Question 21

what is the first stage of cellular respiration?

Answer 21

• glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm of a cell
• breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid with energy

Question 22

what happens to the diaphram during expiration?

Answer 22

• relaxes
• moves back to dome-like shape
• forces air out of lungs

Question 23

what is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Answer 23

biochemical way to store & use energy

Question 24

what is adenosine diphosphate (ADP)?

Answer 24

energy released from glucose breakdown

Question 25

what is the function of the diffusion gradient?

Answer 25

- oxygen diffuses into blood & combines with hemoglobin in RBCs - carbon dioxide in blood diffuses in opposite direction

Question 26

how do you monitor cystic fibrosis?

Answer 26

regular appointments to monitor condition

Question 27

what is cellular respiration?

Answer 27

- series of biochemicals - break down large molecules into smaller ones - releases energy in form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - 2 types -> aerobic & anaerobic

Question 28

what is inspiration?

Answer 28

breathing in

Question 29

what is asthma?

Answer 29

- bronchi of lungs become inflammed & narrow - muscles contract - increase in production of mucus

Question 30

what is the third stage of cellular respiration?

Answer 30

takes place in walls of mitochondria where oxygen is needed

Question 31

what happens to the diaphram during inspiration?

Answer 31

- contracts - moves downwards - allows lungs to expand

Question 32

what happens to the pleural membranes during inspiration?

Answer 32

allows lungs to move smoothly within chest cavity

Question 33

what is emphysema?

Answer 33

- condition withinna group of respiratory illnesse (COPD) - caused by long-term smoking - damages alveoli & smaller terminal bronchioles - decreases efficiency of lungs

Question 34

what happens to the intercostal muscles during expiration?

Answer 34

- relax - mves ribs downwards & inwards - decreases size of chest - increases air pressure inside

Question 35

what are the properties of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 35

- doesnt require oxygen - produces less ATP - lactose is produced - lactic acid is waste product - takes place in cytoplasm

Question 36

what is the function of the bronchioles?

Answer 36

carry air to alveoli in the lungs

Question 37

what is expiration?

Answer 37

breathing out

Question 38

what are the properties of aerobic respiration?

Answer 38

- requires oxygen - produces more ATP - carbon dioxide is produced - carbon dioxide is waste product - takes place in mitochondria

Question 39

what is gaseous exchange?

Answer 39

- oxygen moves from lungs to bloodstream - carbon dioxide passes from blood to lungs - occurs between alveoli & capillaries

Question 40

what is the function of the alveoli?

Answer 40

facilitate exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide between lungs & blood

Question 41

what happens in the alveoli?

Answer 41

gaseous exchange

Question 42

what are the properties of the larynx?

Answer 42

- voice box - found at top of trachea - contains muscles & ligaments - enable us to speak