Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Functions of skeletal system (5)

Answer 1

Support 
Leverage
Protection
Storage of calcium 
Blood cell production

Question 2

Types of bones (5)

Answer 2

Long eg humerus 
Short eg carpals
Flat eg sternum 
Irregular eg vertebra
Sesamoid eg patella

Question 3

Axial skeleton

Answer 3

Head spine and ribcage

Question 4

Bones of the skull

Answer 4

Frontal
Parietal 
Occipital
Temporal
Zygomatic 
Mandible
Maxilla
Nasal
Lacrimal 
Sphenoid (temple)
Ethmoid (inside eye)

Question 5

Types of skull fractures

Answer 5

Depressed
Linear
Comminuted (happens if linear fracture is near suture)
Basilar (serious)

Question 6

Bones in the spine

Answer 6

7 cervical 
12 thoracic 
5 lumbar 
Sacrum 
Coccyx

Question 7

Spine curvature

Answer 7

Kyphosis (outwards)

Lordosis (inwards)

Question 8

Rib cage

Answer 8

7 true ribs
3 false ribs
2 floating

Question 9

Sternum

Answer 9

Jugular notch, two clavicular notches
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

Question 10

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 10

Limbs

Question 11

Shoulder girdle

Answer 11

Clavicle, scapula, acromium process

Question 12

Hand

Answer 12

Trapezium 
Trapezoid 
Capitate 
Hamate 
Scaphoid 
Lunate 
Triquadrium 
Pisiform

Question 13

Pelvic girdle

Answer 13

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium

Pubic symphysis (cartilage)

Question 14

Foot

Answer 14

Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Talus (ankle)
Heel (calcaneus)

Question 15

Types of joints

Answer 15

Plane eg vertebrae 
Ball socket eg shoulder
Saddle eg fingers
Hinge eg knee
Pivot eg elbow
Ellipsoid eg base of cranium

Question 16

Rotator cuff muscles

Answer 16

Front: subscapularis
Back: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

Question 17

Properties of muscle tissue

Answer 17

Contractility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity

Question 18

Types of muscle

Answer 18

Cardiac, skeletal (voluntary), smooth

Question 19

Muscles in the head (2)

Answer 19

Sternocleidomastoid

Masseter

Question 20

Muscles in the spine (2)

Answer 20

Erector spinae (superficial) 
Multifidus, in the lower back

Question 21

Muscles in the front of the leg

Answer 21

Quadriceps: vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus medialis

Sartorius (from lateral hip to medial knee)

Iliacus and psoas connecting hip to femur

Question 22

Back thigh

Answer 22

Gluteus mediums (top right)
Gluteus maximus 
Piriformis (left to right inside) 
Quadratus femoris (deep inside) 
Hamstring: semimembranosus, semitendinosus , biceps femoris

Question 23

Lower leg

Answer 23

Soleus (medial to the tibialis)
Tibialis anterior (big in front)
Gastronemius x2

Question 24

Sprain vs strain

Answer 24

Sprain (ligaments and tendons)
Strain (muscle).

Sprains come in three grades

Question 25

Treatment

Answer 25

Rest, ice, compression, elevation AVOID Heat Alcohol Running Massage

Question 26

Types of fractures

Answer 26

Simple (eg left to right) Greenstick (vertical) Comminuted (shattered) Impacted (vertically shattered at a point)