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Musculoskeletal system Flashcards

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1
Q

Which three bones are found in the arm?

A

Ulna, radius and humerus

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2
Q

Which four bones are found in the leg?

A

Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella

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3
Q

What three bones are found in the ankle and the foot?

A

Carpels, Metacarpals, phalanges

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4
Q

What three bones are found in the head?

A

Mandible, cheekbone, cranium

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5
Q

What are the two bones in the shoulder?

A

Clavicle and scapular

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6
Q

What are the three bones from your shoulder to hips?

A

Rib cage, sternum, vertebrae

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7
Q

What are the three bones in the hand?

A

Phalanges, Carpels, Metacarpals

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8
Q

What is a long bone and an example of one?

A

It is cylindal in shape and found in the limbs, it acts as a lever. An example is the femur, humerus, radius, ulna, fibula and tibia.

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9
Q

What are the six main functions of the skeletal system?

A

Movement, support, production of red blood cells, mineral storage, protection and structural shape

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10
Q

What is a joint?

A

A place where two or more bones meet and is also called an articulation

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11
Q

What gives joints their stability?

A

Ligaments

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12
Q

Where is cartilage found?

A

At the end of bones and where joints meet

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13
Q

What do connective tissues consist of?

A

Ligaments, cartilage and tendons

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14
Q

What do tendons do?

A

Attach muscles to the skeleton

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15
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Freely movable joints which allows movement to perform skills and techniques during physical activity

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16
Q

Where is synovial fluid found?

A

In the joint cavity

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17
Q

What does synovial fluid do?

A

Lubricates the joint

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18
Q

Where is synovial fluid made?

A

In the synovial membrane

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19
Q

What does articular cartilage do?

A

Cushions the joint and prevents friction and wear and tear between the bone ends

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20
Q

What is the Bursae?

A

Fluid sacs that help to prevent friction in the joint

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21
Q

What is the joint capsule’s job?

A

To prevent wear and tear of bones

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22
Q

What are ligaments(5)

A

1) Connect bone to bone to keep the joint together
2) Stabilise the joints during movement and prevent dislocation
3) A type of connective tissue that is tough and slightly elastic
4) Can absorb shock
5) Maintain posture and movement

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23
Q

The movement at a synovial joint is caused by?

A

The muscles attached across the joint (tendons)

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24
Q

What do tendons allow to happen?

A

They allow a muscle to pull on a bone to move it.

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25
What are the main features of a synovial joint(5)?
Ligament, synovial membrane, articular cartilage, joint capsule, bursae
26
What are the two types of synovial joints?
Ball and socket and Hinge
27
Name three examples of a hinge.
Knee, elbow, ankle
28
Name two examples of a ball and socket
Hip, shoulder
29
What is a hinge?
Joints that allow you to move in only one direction. They allow flexion and extension of the joint.
30
What is a ball and socket?
They allow movement in almost every direction. The joint is made up of the round end of one bone that fits into a small cup-like are of another bone.
31
What type of joint allows the greatest range of movement?
Ball and Socket
32
What are the seven types of joint movement?
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Planar flexion, Rotation, Dorsiflexion
33
What is flexion and what is an example of it?
Bending a joint and the angle of the joint decreases. | Elbow flexes whilst performing a bicep curl
34
What is extension and what is an example of it?
Straightening a joint and the angle of the joint increases. | The elbow whilst throwing a shot put
35
What is abduction and what is an example of it?
Movement away from the midline of the body which occurs at the hip and shoulder. Performing a jumping jack
36
What is adduction and what is an example of it?
Movement towards the midline of the body which occurs at the hip and shoulder. Jumping in from a jumping jack
37
What is Rotation and what is an example of it?
The limb moves in a circular movement around a fixed joint. | When performing a drive shot in golf
38
What is plantar flexion and what is an example of it?
Pointing the toes, the movement only occurs in the ankle | For example tendue in ballet (pointing feet )
39
What is dorsiflexion and what is an example of it?
The foot moving towards the shin which only occurs in the ankle Pulling your toes up to stretch
40
What are the two muscles in the arm?
Bicep, Tricep
41
What are the five muscles in the leg?
Hamstrings, quadriceps, hip flexors, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius
42
What does the sternocleidomastiod do and what is an example of it in sport?
Helps with the breathing process | All sports but especially endurance events
43
What does the deltiod do and what is an example of it in sport?
Abduction from the shoulder (moving the arm outwards and away from the body) Outward arm action in a jumping jack
44
What does the rotator cuffs do and what is an example of it in sport?
Stabilise the muscles in the shoulder to help prevent dislocation and allows the shoulder to rotate the humerus around it's own axis. A throwing action such as a javelin throw
45
What does the pectorals do and what is an example of it in sport?
Adduction of the shoulder (moving the arm towards the body) and shoulder horizontal flexion (moving the arms forward in front of the body) Upwards phase of a push up
46
What does the intercostals do and what is an example of it in sport?
Assist with the breathing process | All sports but especially in endurance events
47
What does the triceps do and what is an example of it in sport?
Extend the elbow | Shooting in netball
48
What does the biceps do and what is an example of it in sport?
Flex the elbow | Drawing a bow in archery
49
What does the abdominals do and what is an example of it in sport?
Flex the trunk across the stomach (sitting upwards) | Performing a sit up
50
What does the latissimus dorsi do and what is an example of it in sport?
Shoulder adduction (moving the arm towards the body) and shoulder horizontal flexion (moving the arms forward in front of the body)
51
What does the quadriceps do and what is an example of it in sport?
Extend the knee | Kicking a ball
52
What does the hamstrings do and what is an example of it in sport?
Flex the knee | Performing a hamstring curl on a weights machine
53
What does the gastrocnemius do and what is an example of it in sport?
Plantar flexion of the ankle (pointing the toes) | Standing on tiptoe to mark someone in netball
54
What does the tibialis anterior do and what is an example of it in sport?
Dorsiflexion of the ankle (bringing the toes towards the shin) Foot making contact with a football
55
What is isotonic contraction?
When a muscle contracts and changes length
56
What is isotonic concentric contraction?
This is when the muscle shortens and goes closer together making it become fatter
57
What is isotonic eccentric contraction?
This is when the muscle lengthens whilst under tension. The muscles move away from each other
58
What is isometric contraction?
This is when the muscle produces the same tension whilst staying the same length. This is when the body stays in the same position.
59
How do muscles transfer force to the bones?
The tendons pull on the body parts. This is called muscle contraction.
60
How does the muscles go back after muscle contraction?
Their antagonistic muscle pair contracts whilst the other muscle relaxes or lengthens
61
What is the muscle contracting called in antagonistic muscle pairs?
Agonist
62
What is the muscle relaxing or lengthening called in antagonistic muscle pairs?
Antagonist
63
What is the antagonistic muscle pair for the biceps?
Triceps
64
What is the antagonistic muscle pair for the hamstrings?
Quadriceps
65
What is the antagonistic muscle pair for the hip flexors?
Gluteals
66
What is the antagonistic muscle pair for the gastrocnemius?
Tibialis anterior
67
What is the antagonistic muscle pair for the pectorals?
Latissimus dorsi
68
Describe how the antagonistic muscle pairs are working at the elbow during the downwards and upwards phase of a press up
During the downwards phase, the triceps are the agonist and they contract eccentrically to control the flexion of the elbow so the body is lowered under control down towards the floor. The biceps are the antagonist .During the upwards phase, the biceps are the agonist and contract concentrically to extend the elbow and the triceps are the antagonist.

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