musculoskeletal system disorders

Question 1

chondr/o

Answer 1

cartilage

Question 2

crani/o

Answer 2

skull

Question 3

myel/o

Answer 3

bone marrow

Question 4

athro/o

Answer 4

joint

Question 5

arthritis

Answer 5

inflammatory disease of the joints

Question 6

sclerosis of the joint

Answer 6

type of arthritis; hardening of the joint; ie. sacroiliac joint (hip and vertebrae); involves the bending/stiffness in the joints

Question 7

spondyl/o

Answer 7

relationship to vertebrae

Question 8

ankyl/o

Answer 8

bending/stiffness in joints

Question 9

ankylosing spondylitis (aka rheumatoid sondylitis or Marie-Strumpell disease)

Answer 9

arthritis with stiffening (ankylosis) of joints, primarily of the spine and hip

Question 10

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 10

chronic inflammation of the joints; pain swelling and stiffening, especially in the small joints of the hands and feet (rheumat/o= flowing)

Question 11

gouty arthritis (gout)

Answer 11

inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid; “gout”

Question 12

osteoporosis

Answer 12

decrease in bone (oste/o) density with thinning (-porosis= condition of spaces) and weakening of bone

Question 13

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 13

repetitive motion injuries; median nerve is squeezed and constricted by the wrist (carp/o) ligament; burning and numbness in fingers and hands

Question 14

muscular dystrophy (MD)

Answer 14

inherited muscle disorder; progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers; generally begins soon after birth

Question 15

Herniated disk

Answer 15

protruding disk’s pressure on spinal nerves; causes excruciating pain

Question 16

arthrography

Answer 16

x-ray imaging of the joints

Question 17

Range of Motion (ROM test)

Answer 17

test of joints; physician maneuvers a joint to assess flexibility or stiffness

Question 18

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Answer 18

measures rate at which RBCs fall to the bottom of a test tube; helps to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis

Question 19

Uric acid test

Answer 19

used to measure uric acid levels

Question 20

Bone scan

Answer 20

involves the IV injection of radioactive substances into bone to measure its uptake using a special scanning device

Question 21

bone density test

Answer 21

uses low-energy xrays of skeleton to detect areas of bone deficiency

Question 22

disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)

Answer 22

drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis

Question 23

arthrocentesis

Answer 23

surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint; relieves some pain from fluid buildup

Question 24

Laminectomy

Answer 24

treats chronic disk herniation; removing all or part of protruding disk

Question 25

endoscopic diskectomy

Answer 25

less invasive treatment for disk herniation; removal of disk by aspirating it through a tube inserted in the skin

Question 26

microscopic diskectomy

Answer 26

treatment of disk herniation; requires incision of only 1-2inches long

Question 27

Arthroplasty

Answer 27

surgical repair of the joint

Question 28

total hip athroplasty

Answer 28

femoral head and acetabulum are replaced with prostheses that are cemented into the bone

Question 29

physical therapy (PT)

Answer 29

treatment of disorders by means of physical methods; (therapeutic exercises, massage, heat and cold app...) to regain ROM (range of motion)

Question 30

Antinuclear antibody test (ANA)

Answer 30

test where sample of plasma is tested for presence of antibodies found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 31

calcium level

Answer 31

measures amount of Ca2+ in sample of blood; evaluate diseases of bone

Question 32

Electromyography (EMG)

Answer 32

recording of the strength of muscle contraction resulting from electrical stimulation