Urinary system disorders

Question 1

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Answer 1

infection in one or more structures of the urinary tract; caused by germ-negative bacteria

Question 2

hematuria

Answer 2

blood in the urine

Question 3

dysuria

Answer 3

painful urination

Question 4

anuria

Answer 4

no urine production at all

Question 5

nephrolithiasis

Answer 5

abnormal condition referred to as KIDNEY STONES

Question 6

nephr/o

Answer 6

kidney

Question 7

vesic/o

Answer 7

urinary bladder

Question 8

ureter/o

Answer 8

ureter

Question 9

alburminuria

Answer 9

abnormal presence of protein (albumin/o) in the urine

Question 10

glycosuria

Answer 10

associated with diabetes; abnormal condition of glucose/sugar (glycos/o) in the urine

Question 11

uremia

Answer 11

high levels of urea in the blood

Question 12

acute renal failure (ACF)

Answer 12

condition in which the kidneys (ren/o) stop functioning and producing urine

Question 13

chronic renal failure (CRF)

Answer 13

loss of kidney function is slower and more progressive than ACF

Question 14

chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Answer 14

affects multiple body systems;

Question 15

Urinalysis (UA)

Answer 15

urine specimen is analyzed in the lab

Question 16

creatinine clearance tests (C,cr)

Answer 16

measures the rate at which creatinine concentration in the blood sample is excreted in the urine over a 24 hr period

Question 17

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Answer 17

how much filtration occurs in kidneys per minute; use creatinine rates to determine GFR; used to document stages of kidney disease

Question 18

Urography

Answer 18

x-ray/radiologic, imagining of the urinary tract after injecting contrast material

Question 19

pyelography

Answer 19

an x-ray (urography) of the entire renal pelvis (pyel/o)

Question 20

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

Answer 20

use of radioisotope study reveals the presence of obstruction in the kidney using contrast medium via catheter into the urethra and bladder; images taken of the urethra, bladder and ureters

Question 21

Cystoscopy

Answer 21

most common diagnostic procedure for urinary disorders; involves the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a specialized endoscope = cystoscope

Question 22

cystoscope

Answer 22

instrument used to view the urinary bladder

Question 23

Lithotripsy

Answer 23

treats kidney stones; shock waves crush (tripsy-) the stones for easier eventual passage from body with urine; aka extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Question 24

Renal failure

Answer 24

kidneys fail to excrete urine

Question 25

blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test

Answer 25

test used to determine the amounts of urea, nitrogen, that have accumulated in the blood (uremia)

Question 26

Kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) imaging series (urogram)

Answer 26

can demo the kidneys in relation to other organs in the abdominopelvic region; used with MRI

Question 27

extracorporeal

Answer 27

refers to outside the body

Question 28

dialysis

Answer 28

removing wastes from the blood by machine when kidneys can no longer seperate nitrogenous waste material from bloodstream

Question 29

Hemodialysis (HD)

Answer 29

1/2 method of dialysis; use of an artificial kidney machine

Question 30

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 30

1/2 methods of dialysis; involves the introduction of a peritoneal catheter and a special solution into the abdomen; wastes pass into the fluid from the bloodstream and are then drained from the body

Question 31

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

Answer 31

most extensive form of dialysis; indwelling catheter permits fluid to drain into and out of the peritoneal cavity to cleanse the blood

Question 32

renal transplant

Answer 32

for patient with end stage renal disease (renal failure); this is the implantation of a donor kidney

Question 33

voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)/ cystogram

Answer 33

x-ray image of bladder and urethra taken when bladder is filled with contrast and while patient is expelling urine

Question 34

Urinary catherterization

Answer 34

a catheter is passed through urethra and into bladder for short/long-term drainage of urine