Musculoskeletal System - Sistema Musculoesquelético

Question 1

Adduction

Answer 1

Aducción, movement drawing toward middle

Question 2

Bursa

Answer 2

Bolsa, fluid-filled sac, allows easy movement of 1 part of joint over another

Question 3

Prosthesis

Answer 3

Prótesis

Question 4

Intercostal

Answer 4

Intercostal, between the ribs

Question 5

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 5

Vértebras lumbares

Question 6

Mandible

Answer 6

Mandíbula, lower jaw, colloquial quijada

Question 7

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 7

Vértebras torácicas

Question 8

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 8

Vértebras cervicales

Question 9

Ligament

Answer 9

Ligamento, flexible tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches 1 bone to another at joint

Question 10

Tendon

Answer 10

Tendón, fibrous connective tissue attaches muscle to bone

Question 11

Muscular dystrophy

Answer 11

Miodistrofia or distrofia muscular, group of hereditary diseases that cause muscle degeneration and weakness

Question 12

Hypertrophy

Answer 12

Hipertrofia, excessive development

Question 13

Colles fracture

Answer 13

Fractura de Colles, type of wrist fracture

Question 14

Carpal tunel syndrome

Answer 14

Síndrome del túnel carpiano, nerve entrapment disorder of wrist caused by compression of median nerve

Question 15

Osteomalacia

Answer 15

Osteomalacia, softening of bones

Question 16

Pronation

Answer 16

Pronación, palms down

Question 17

Supination

Answer 17

Supinación, palms up

Question 18

Extension

Answer 18

Extensión, limb straight

Question 19

Flexion

Answer 19

Flexión, limb bent

Question 20

Inversion

Answer 20

Inversión, turning inward

Question 21

Eversion

Answer 21

Eversión, turning outward

Question 22

Gout

Answer 22

Gota, excessive amount of uric acid in blood, causes sodium urate crystals to deposit in joints, especially big toe, arthritis

Question 23

Lyme disease

Answer 23

Enfermedad or mal de Lyme, rash, flulike symptoms, treated with antibiotics

Question 24

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 24

Artritis reumatoide, chronic disease, autoimmune inflammatory changes in connective tissues throughout the body

Question 25

Laminectomy

Answer 25

Laminectomía, excision of lamina, relieve pressure of nerve roots in lower spine caused by herniated disc and other conditions

Question 26

Meniscectomy

Answer 26

Meniscectomía, excision of meniscus, done for torn cartilage

Question 27

Dystrophy

Answer 27

Distrofia, abnormal development

Question 28

Dyskinesia

Answer 28

Discenesia, difficult movement

Question 29

Bradykinesia

Answer 29

Bradiquinesia, slow movement

Question 30

Atrophy

Answer 30

Atrofia, without development, wasting

Question 31

diskectomy

Answer 31

discectomía, excision of intervertebral disk, to relieve pressure on nerve roots

Question 32

Osteoporosis

Answer 32

Osteoporosis, abnormal loss of bone density, mostly in post menopausal women, leads to fractures

Question 33

Tendinitis or tendonitis

Answer 33

Tendonitis, inflammation of tendon

Question 34

Scoliosis

Answer 34

Escoliosis, abnormal lateral curve of spine

Question 35

Polymyositis

Answer 35

Polimiositis, inflammation of many muscles

Question 36

Abduction

Answer 36

Abducción, movement drawing away from middle

Question 37

Articular cartilage

Answer 37

Cartílago articular, smooth layer of gristle covering contacting surface of joints

Question 38

Femur

Answer 38

Fémur, upper leg bone

Question 39

Lamina

Answer 39

Lamina, part of vertebral arch

Question 40

Rachischisis

Answer 40

Raquisquisis, congenital fissure of vertebral column, spina bifida

Question 41

Phalanges

Answer 41

Falanges, finger and toe bones

Question 42

Metacarpal bones

Answer 42

Huesos metacarpianos, hand bones

Question 43

Carpal bones

Answer 43

Huesos carpianos, wrist bones

Question 44

Ulna and radius

Answer 44

Ulna/cúbito and radio, lower arm bones

Question 45

Humerus

Answer 45

Húmero, upper arm bone

Question 46

Coccyx

Answer 46

Coxis or coccis, 4 vertebrae, tailbone

Question 47

Clavicle

Answer 47

Clavícula, collar bone

Question 48

Scapula

Answer 48

Escápula, shoulder blade

Question 49

Sternum

Answer 49

Esternón, breastbone

Question 50

Sacrum

Answer 50

Sacro, 5 vertebrae below lumbar, form triangular bone between hip bones

Question 51

Metatarsal bones

Answer 51

Huesos metatarsianos

Question 52

Orthotics

Answer 52

Ortética, making and fitting of orthopedic appliances

Question 53

Fibromyalgia

Answer 53

Fibrocitis, fibromialgia, pain in fibrous tissue and muscla, stiffness in muscles, fatigue, disturbed sleep

Question 54

Osteoarthritis

Answer 54

Artrosis, osteoartritis, inflammation in bones and joints

Question 55

Kyphosis

Answer 55

Hipercifosis, humpback, hunchback, colloq joroba

Question 56

Epidural

Answer 56

Epidural, colloq raquia

Question 57

Leaning

Answer 57

Recostado

Question 58

Bunion

Answer 58

Juanete, aka hallux valgus, deformidad envalgo del dedo gordo

Question 59

Lordosis

Answer 59

Hiperlordosis, swayback

Question 60

Calcaneus

Answer 60

Calcáneo, heel bone

Question 61

Tibia and fibula

Answer 61

Tibia and peroné, lower leg bones

Question 62

Pelvic, hip bone

Answer 62

Hueso coxal or iliáco, 3 bones fused together, ischium, isquión, ilium, ilión, pubis, pubic

Question 63

Tarsal bones

Answer 63

Huesos del tarso, ankle bones

Question 64

Patella

Answer 64

rótula, kneecap

Question 65

Joints

Answer 65

Articulaciones, coyunturas

Question 66

Bone marrow

Answer 66

Médula osea, colloq tuétano

Question 67

calcáneo

Answer 67

calcaneus

Question 68

pómulo

Answer 68

cheekbone

Question 69

hueso canceloso

Answer 69

cancellous bone; also known as spongy or trabecular bone, is one of the two types of bone tissue found in the human body. Cancellous bone is found at the ends of long bones, as well as in the pelvic bones, ribs, skull, and the vertebrae in the spinal column.

Question 70

endostio

Answer 70

endosteum; thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones

Question 71

placa epífisis

Answer 71

epiphyseal plate

Question 72

etmoides

Answer 72

ethmoid; a square bone at the root of the nose, forming part of the cranium, and having many perforations through which the olfactory nerves pass to the nose

Question 73

tejido óseo

Answer 73

Osseous tissue (bone tissue)

Question 74

músculo sartorio

Answer 74

Sartorius muscle

Question 75

esfenoide, hueso en la base del craneo

Answer 75

sphenoid bone

Question 76

talón

Answer 76

Talus

Question 77

Tarso

Answer 77

Tarsus

Question 78

trapecio

Answer 78

trapezius; either of a pair of large triangular muscles extending over the back of the neck and shoulders and moving the head and shoulder blade

Question 79

hueso cigomático

Answer 79

zygomatic bone; the bone that forms the prominent part of the cheek and the outer side of the eye socket

Question 80

Malleolus bone

Answer 80

Hueso maléolo; bony prominence on either side of ankle