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Intro to Music Education > Music Teaching Methods > Flashcards

Music Teaching Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Who developed Orff Schulwerk and what was his profession?

A

Carl Orff, and he was a composer and music educator

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2
Q

When can the origins of Orff-Schulwerk be traced back to?

A

To the 1920s

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3
Q

Inspiration for Orff-Schulwerk

A

dance and Dalcroze-Eurhythmics

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4
Q

Who established the Gunther Schule and where was it established?

A

Carl Orff and dancer Dorothee Gunther; in Munich Germany.

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5
Q

When did the Gunther Schule open?

A

1924

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6
Q

What was the Gunther Schule?

A

professional school for training physical and education teachers, dancers, musicians, and gymnasts

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7
Q

How did Orff describe his music at the Gunther Schule?

A

elemental music or “never music alone.”

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8
Q

What did Orff compare his process of teaching to?

A

to the evolution of man where one moves from a primitive to a more refined state

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9
Q

Who was Orff’s assistant?

A

Gunild Keetman

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10
Q

Name of Orff’s published activities/ideas

A

Music For Children

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11
Q

How many volumes is “Music For Children” by Carl Orff?

A

5

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12
Q

True or False: Orff follows a prescribed sequence of course of study

A

FALSE

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13
Q

Basic characteristics in Orff approach

A

exploration; imitation; improvisation

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14
Q

How do children experience music in Orff?

A

through movement, singing, playing instruments, and composing

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15
Q

What forms the basis of Orff approach?

A

Natural child behaviors

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16
Q

What are common ostinato accompaniments in Orff?

A

drones considered of open fifths(Borduns)

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17
Q

What type of scale is of dominant use in Orff?

A

pentatonic scale

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18
Q

Which interval is used commonly in Orff?

A

descending minor third

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19
Q

What instrumentation is common in Orff?

A

pitched and unpitched percussion as well as recorder

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20
Q

What did Orff call his teaching approach?

A

Schulwerk or School Work

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21
Q

What is the curriculum for Schulwerk based upon(Orff)?

A

Music For Children

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22
Q

Where was Emile Jacques Dalcroze a student and then later a professor at?

A

Conservatory of Music in Geneva, Switzerland

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23
Q

What was Emile Jacques Dalcroze’s concern before developing his method?

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A

That the training of musicians over-emphasized technique development at the expense of musical expression

24
Q

What was Dalcroze’s belief regarding music education?

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A

that music education should not be to train performers to play or sing, but to develop musicality

25
Three parts of Dalcroze method?
Eurhythmic, Improvisation, and Solfege
26
What is Eurhythmics?
the actualizing through movement what we hear in music.
27
What aspects of music are translated into movement in Eurhythmics?
timing, accents, or dynamics
28
What is the path sound takes in the body according to Eurhythmics?
sound is received by the ear, processed by the brain, and shown through body movement
29
What is the importance of Solfege?(Dalcroze)
develops an understanding of pitch, scale, and tonality through activities and emphasizing aural comprehension
30
True or false: Dalcroze method uses moveable "Do"
FALSE: dalcroze uses fixed Do
31
Importance of Improvisation?(Dalcroze)
develops and understanding of form and meaning through spontaneous creation using movement, voice, and instruments
32
What is the intent of the Dalcroze method?
that eurhythmics, solfege, and improvisation be intertwined to form the core of basic musicianship
33
Zoltan Kodaly time frame
1882-1967
34
Zoltan Kodaly philosophy about real art
"Real art is one of the most powerful forces in the rise of mankind, and he who renders it accessible to as many people as possible is a benefactor of humanity"(1954)
35
What was a problem in Kodaly's society that inspired him?
hungarian folk music had been largely forgotten by the majority of hungarians living in the cities
36
What was Kodaly's mission?
to reacquaint the Hungarian people with their musical heritage and to help them become musically literate
37
Kodaly use of hungarian music:
used hungarian folk music in the national school music texts and curriculum, and he composed symphonic and choral works that used hungarian folk melodies
38
what analogies did Kodaly make in regards to development of music?
he compared historical development of music to human musical development
39
True or false: Kodaly improved teacher training
TRUE
40
True or false: Kodaly music doesn't have to be developmentally appropriate
FALSE, he believed music should be developmentally appropriate
41
What did Kodaly believe music should begin with?
one's native language
42
Kodaly Philosophy
music should exist at the core of the academic curriculum; music literacy and understanding is a fundamental right of everyone; music instruction must begin with one's voice before instrumental instruction; music education must begin as soon as possible; music educators must be highly trained, musically and pedagogically
43
Three aspects of Kodaly to base instruction off of:
developmentally appropriate, experiential, and sequential
44
What are common intervals seen in Kodaly method?
sol-mi, sol-mi-la, mi-re-do
45
What rhythm patterns are seen in Kodaly?
simple rhythm patterns common in children's songs and games
46
What is a requirement for songs in Kodaly?
they must be in a comfortable singing range for children's voices
47
Are descending tones or ascending tones easier to learn?
descending tones are easier to learn and reproduce than ascending ones
48
What intervals are easier to sing in tune? Which are harder?
Smaller skips are easier to sing in tune; half steps and larger intervals are difficult for children to reproduce and sing in tune
49
4 steps of teaching process in Kodaly
prepare, present, practice, and assess
50
Prepare portion of Kodaly:
new songs learned by rote, where music has prominent melodic/rhythmic element to be introduced in "present" phase; songs experienced in different ways until the children are very familiar with them
51
Present Portion of Kodaly:
children are made aware of a new rhythmic element; teacher teaches a song with obvious example of new element; teacher asks leading question to help children discover new element
52
Practice Portion of Kodaly:
children are able to discover and identify new element in all songs that were used in prepare stage; children can see notation and read the melodic/rhythmic pattern in a variety of familiar songs; children can independently notate and sing the new pattern
53
Assess portion of Kodaly:
children can identify the new element in different songs; children are able to compose or improvise using the new element; learning has occurred when students demonstrate and perform musical elements correctly and competently; aurally and visually identify, name, or label elements; independently and confidently read/write/create/analyze music
54
What tools used in Kodaly?
movement, pentatonic scale, solfege(borrowed techniques from dalcroze for teaching solfege), hand signs(Curwen hand signs and moveable do refined by John Curwen in the 1800s)
55
from where were Rhythm syllables derived from?
derived from the French system of rhythmic by Cheve
56
What do rhythm syllables represent?
the syllables represent durations of sound

Intro to Music Education (4 decks)

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