Musical Forms Flashcards by Matt Jones

lively Bohemian or Polish dance in 2/4, with the first 3 eighth notes accented, and the 4th unaccented

polka(similar form is Schottische)

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type of suite written for various small instrumental combinations and intended for outdoor performance

divertimento(also cassation, serenade)

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a short fugue

fughetta

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German art-song. Characterized by effective union of the music with the words

lied

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a piece of music for singing. Now the term usually refers to a sacred or secular work for soloists, chorus and orchestra

cantata

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usually, a piece written to display rapidity of execution on a keyboard instrument. It is written in rhapsodic style, and resembles the fantasia

toccata

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large form used as the first movement of sonatas, symphonies, quartets, and the like, and separately as an overture

sonata-allegro

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widely popular dance from Argentina. Main characteristic is the heavy accent on the fourth beat or after-beat of four

tango

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1) in fugal works, first section of the work in which the subject is stated by each voices in turn 2) first large section of a sonata-allegro

exposition

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name applied by Mozart and others to some serenades, or suites, for various instrumentations, probably intended for outdoor performance

cassation(also divertimento, serenade)

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Italian for joke. Movement in sonatas, symphonies, quartets, and the like, which replaces the minuet.

scherzo

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romantic variant of the symphony, breaking down the separation into movements, and incorporating elements of descriptive or program music

symphonic poem, tone poem

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characteristic Brazilian dance form with rolling rhythm and a strong feeling of two to the bar

samba

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in a fugue, statement of the subject by all voices in a different order of appearance from that of the exposition

repercussion

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recent addition to the Latin American dance group. An outstanding characteristic is the strong accent on 2 and 4 in a 2 bar pattern.

mambo

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1) sonata for three instruments 2) second large division of a minuet, scherzo, or march

trio

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pieces of music constructed by presenting the same musical idea in several successive treatments, preserving the outlines of the original idea

variation form

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rapid dance in 3/4 with an upbeat of one beat. occasionally used as an optional movement in a suite

passepied

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1) any kind of polyphony 2)modern usage, countermelody superimposed above the principal melody of a chorale

descant

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rapid Italian dance in 6/8

tarantelle, tarantella Note: called either because it originated in Taranto, or because the dance was regarded as a specific remedy for the bite of the tarantula

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originated in Cuba. fundamental rhythmic pattern is played by the piano, bass and bass drum

rhumba. Guaracha is variety of rhumba which receives two eighth note accents on beat 4

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musical composition designed to produce orderliness and spirit in the movement of troops, or to provide music for the accompaniment of processions

march

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classic dance in 6/8 or 12/8 in rapid tempo. The second part usually begins with the inversion of the main theme

gigue

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additional Latin American Dance forms

conga, son, calypso

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music usually written in 4/4 or cut time played by a modern dance band for ballroom dancing

fox trot

in opera, oratorio, and other extended dramatic works a style of writing which imitates the effects of spoken language, without much regard to melody or to rhythmic regularity

recitative

composition for 2 or more voice-parts, in which each of the parts in turn presents the identical melody(called the subject) in a way dictated by the first voice

canon - strictest form of contrapuntal forms

an old english name for a group of instruments playing together. early stage in the development of the orchestra and chamber music

consort same instruments=whole consort wind and strings=broken consort

classic dance of spanish origin in slow 3/4 with the second beat accented or lengthened

sarabande

resembles the motive to the extent that it is a short group of notes. It differs from the motive, however, in that it serves only a subsidiary purpose, as an accompaniment.

figure

1) a set of dances: allemande, courante, sarabande, gigue, but frequently having an introductory movement and interpolating other dances 2) a set of pieces for open air performance 3) a set of pieces made up of theatrical music

suite

a solo song, occurring in an opera, oratorio or cantata which develops a dramatic, lyric, or emotional high point in the work. This does not advance the action of the plot

aria

secular polyphonic vocal composition which flourished in Italy and England during the last part of the 16th and into the 17th century.

madrigal

characterized by the use of a host of unusual percussion instruments

Latin American dance forms

old dance in duple meter originating in southern France and occasionally used in the suite, or as an independent number

rigaudon

polyphonic choral composition setting Latin religious words other than those of the mass

motet

name given to various kinds of composition which agree in being free in style

fantasia

literally, a trifle. the name was applied by beethoven and others to short piano pieces, usually in song form

bagatelle

in the sonata allegro, the section between the exposition and the recapitulation

development

piece in free style, as though improvised

impromptu. likely to be a song form or a small rondo in spite of its name

German hymn developed by Martin Luther

chorale

Cuban 4/4 entirely different from the original Spanish 3/4. Cuban variety is used in modern ballrooms

bolero

classic dance in 4/4, moderately fast, usually with an eighth note upbeat. means "german dance"

allemande

1) in fugues, the section which prepares for the close of the work 2) in the sonata form, the section which follows the development and brings the movement to the close

recapitulation

large work for soloist with orchestra

concerto

piece of sacred choral music used in the service of Protestant churches, sung by the choir, rather than by the congregation

anthem

in a fugal work, an interlude between statements of the subject

episode

lively Polish dance in 3/4 or 3/8 with emphasis on the 2nd or 3rd beat

mazurka

interruption to the movement of music, usually at the end of a phrase

cadence

fanciful or irregular sort of composition written in free style, resembling the fantasia

caprice, capriccio

small sonata, with less elaborate treatment of thematic material than in the sonata

sonatina

piece of sacred music, resembling an oratorio, based on the last events in the life of Christ, and derived from the custom in some churches of devoting four days of Holy Week to the reading of the story of Christ's life form the various gospels

passion

literally, an obstinate bass. variation form in which a bass-line repeats with changing harmonies and melodies above

basso ostinato

set of variations derived from a ground bass 4 or 8 measures long, usually in triple meter. Originally dances of Spanish origin

chaconne or passacaglia

in a fugue, statements in the dominant

answers

large form in several movements, each of which is also likely to be a large form

sonata

an interlude; a piece of instrumental music between the acts of an opera

intermezzo

small group of solo instruments is set against a larger body of accompanying instruments

concerto grosso

name used by Bach to describe a set of 15 keyboard pieces in two parts, written for the training of his sons in composition as well as performance

invention

a transition, bridge passage, or extension which occurs as the final event in a development setion

retransition

lively dance in 2/4

galop

dance in triple meter which developed from a German peasant dance, the Landler

waltz

1) a simple song 2) a narrative poem set to music 3) a piano piece, orchestral or choral work which is patterned after the above definition

ballad, ballade

another name for suite, but usually referring to a rather elaborate suite, introduced by a movement not in dance rhythm

partita

two different variation forms

1) ground-bass variations 2) theme with variations

1) a piece played as an introduction to another 2) any short piece in rather free style

prelude

passage in fugal style appearing in a non-fugal composition

fugato

one of the most important of musical forms, uniting the poet, actor, staege-crafter and costume with the composer

opera

type of imitation, frequent in fugues, in which the follower begins the imitation while the first statement is in progress. Serves to produce increased tension or excitement.

stretto

a composition usually for a fixed number of voices, either vocal or instrumental, in which a melodic idea, or subject, is treated by imitation in all the voices, and in which the imitative sections are separated by episodes

fugue

observance of the Eucharist in certain churches

mass

vocal music, uniting words with melody

song

classic dance in rapid tempo(3/4 or 6/4) with an upbeat of one quarter note or 3 eighth notes

courante

extended sonata for full orchestra

symphony

Synonym for cassation, divertimento

serenade

dramatic work for soloists, chorus and orchestra, the libretto of which concerns a sacred subject

oratorio - not meant to be acted on stage

large form made by the contrast of a main theme with one or more contrasting subordinate themes

rondo

name the 6 parts of mass(in order)

Kyrie eleison - Gloria - Credo - Sanctus - Benedictus - Agnus Dei

dance consisting of two lively strains in 4/4, usually with an upbeat of 2 quarter notes

gavotte musette: gavotte over a drone bass(bagpipes)

dance popular in Europe from 1650 to the 19th century. 3/4 in moderate tempo

minuet

elaboration of a chorale melody for organ, used in the Lutheran service as a prelude to the singing of the chorale by the congregation

chorale prelude

style of solo song in opera or oratorio, resembling recitative and aria

arioso

piece written for the practice of some particular technical difficulty

etude

1) orchestral introduction to an opera, oratorio or cantata 2) piece of keyboard or orchestral music patterned after the first definition, but intended for independent performance

overture

stately Polish dance in 3/4, with each of the beast normally divided into two eighth notes, but with the last half of the first beat divided into 2 sixteenth notes. There is an important secondary stress on the second beat

polonaise

fugue with two subjects

double fugue

when a motive is used sequentially in a florid manner, or dissolves into a scale or arpeggio figure for the sake of brilliance

passage