Mussoliniās Rise - Compromise, PNF control and Acerbo Law Flashcards
(22 cards)
How had Mussolini achieved power?
Through dual strategies
What were squads demanding after Mussoliniās appointment?
Further revolution and greater reward for helping him achieve power
Why didnāt Mussolini listen to the squads demands right after his appointment?
He was wary and felt working with conservative elite and the king would be a better means of consolidating his power
Despite Mussolini being Prime minister, how many seats of each party were there in Parliament in 1922 after his appointment?
35 fascist deputies, 123 PSI seats.
In his cabinet, 4 liberals, 2 PPI, 1 ANI, 2 military members
What did Mussolini appoint himself after becoming prime minister?
Foreign minister and minister for the interior
Who did Mussolini appoint as minister of finance?
Alberto Deāstefani to gain the support of the conservative industrialists to reassure there wouldnāt be radical economic changes
What was Mussoliniās main goal at the early stage of being prime minister
Placate the old ruling classes
How did Mussolini initially gain the trust of the Catholic church?
increasing clerical pay and reinstating crucifixes in schools.
When were the ANI officially absorbed into the fascist party?
February 1923
Who was appointed as the minister of work and welfare?
PPI member, Stefano Cavazzoni and this encouraged the party to collaborate with Mussolini
When and Why did Luigi Sturzo resign as leader of PPI?
July 1923 because he was concerned that the party was being too absorbed into the PNF
What encouraged the Vatican to support the PNF at the expense of the PPI?
Mussoliniās pro-Catholic policies.
What started to happen to the PPI after Mussoliniās appointment?
Declined
What was Mussoliniās maiden speech as prime minister on 16th November 1922 like?
Mix of offers to work with parliament and threats of violence to any who challenged him. Strength of squads and violence up to 1922 was crucial here.
What did parliament approve after Mussoliniās warnings of violence in 1922?
Year long emergency powers by 306 votes and 116 against
What did emergency powers mean for Mussolini?
He could not be removed by parliament and had full power to govern and raise taxes without seeking parliamentary approval for a year
Fascist Grand Council
December 1922, rival organisation to the cabinet and he appointed Italo Balbo, Michele Bianchi, and Emilio De Bono. This elevated fascist leadership to the same position as the cabinet
Why was the creation of the FGC important for Mussolini?
Helped him overcome his weak position in the cabinet and undermined the liberal government institutions by bypassing them.
As leader of FGC with the sole ability to appoint members, Mussolini centralised power over the party. Helped him consolidate control over PNF and Parliament.
What does MVSN stand for?
Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale
MVSN
Created by the Fascist grand council (FGC) in January 1923. Absorbed all the squadristi and formalised their role as a party based revolution. 300,000 members pledged allegiance to Italy and Mussolini so his control over Blackshirts was strengthened
Now that fascism was in power what had disappeared?
The chance of a socialist revolution
Since the march of Rome, how much had the party expanded?
doubled to 783,000 with a lot from the middle class
