MUST TO KNOW IN VIROLOGY Flashcards
(180 cards)
1
Q
Ether-resistant
Ether-sensitive
A
Naked virus
Enveloped virus
2
Q
Acid-labile
Acid-stable
A
Rhinovirus
Enterovirus
3
Q
Infantile diarrhea
A
Rotavirus
4
Q
H & N
A
Myxoviruses
5
Q
Hemagglutination/Hemadsorption
A
Influenza
Parainfluenza
Mumps
6
Q
Reye’s syndrome
A
Chicken pox
Influenza
7
Q
Bronchiolitis in children
A
RSV
8
Q
Hepatitis
A
Yellow fever
HBV
CMV
9
Q
Reservoir of Togavirus
A
Birds
10
Q
dsRNA
ssDNA
A
Reovirus
Parvovirus
11
Q
Tzanck smear
A
HSV
VZV
12
Q
Latent infection
A
HSV
13
Q
Measles
German measles
A
Rubeola virus
Rubella virus
14
Q
SSPE
PML
A
Measles virus
JC virus (polyoma)
15
Q
Spongiform encephalopathy
A
Prion
16
Q
RNA (HDV)
A
Viroid
17
Q
Human Embryonic Fibroblast cell
A
CMV
18
Q
PMKC, MDCK, Hen’s egg
A
Influenza
19
Q
5th disease
6th disease
Kaposi’s sarcoma
A
Parvovirus B19
HHV-6
HHV-8
20
Q
Marburg and Ebola
SARS
A
Filoviridae
Coronavirus
21
Q
Bird’s flu = H5:N1
A
Influenza virus
22
Q
Virus
A
Use cotton swabs
23
Q
Delay of 3 days
Delay of 4 days
A
4’C
-70’C, not -20’C
24
Q
Tissue culture
A
CPE
25
Rhinovirus
33’C
26
Negative stain
Gold, silver stain
PTA
EM
27
Hold cell culture tube
Roller drum
28
Father of virology
Dmitri Iwanowsky
29
Nucleic acid genome
DNA or RNA
30
Protective protein coat
Capsid
31
Lipid derived from host cell membrane
Envelope
32
DNA virus
(+) Sense RNA virus
Icosahedral
33
(-) Sense RNA virus
Helical
34
Complex
Poxvirus
35
Viral morphology
EM (inverted microscope)
36
LM
Inclusion bodies:
-Negri bodies:
-Councilman bodies:
Rabies
Yellow fever
37
Viral antigen
Direct IF
38
(G) Pock formation on CAM (Chrorioallantoic membrane)
Eggs
39
Passed only once
Ex. 1’ monkey kidney cells (fluvirus)
Primary cell
40
Passed 50x
Ex. HDF/HEK cells
Semi-continuous
41
MMalignant
Passed indefinitely
Ex. Hela, Hep-2
Continuous
42
Transport medium
Dry ice (4’C)
1. Stuart’s: viral transport medium
2. Leibovitz-Emory
3. Earles/Hanks balance salt solution
43
Viral growth
Cytopathic effect
Hemadsorption (ex. flu virus)
Interference:
Rubella and Enterovirus
44
Rounding necrosis
Enterovirus
45
Ballooning/Giant cells
HSV
46
Grapelike cluster
Adenovirus
47
Syncytium form
RSV
Measles
Rubella (giant cells)
48
Hemadsorption
Influenza
Parainfluenza
Measles
Mumps
49
Refractile, round cell
Rhinovirus (33’C)
50
Multiplication cycle
= attachment
= entry
= (-) capsid
= replication transcription translation viral CHON
= creation of new virus particle
6. Release
1. Adsorption
2. Penetration
3. Uncoating
4. Eclipse (Synthetic)
5. Assembly
51
DNA Viruses “HHAPPPy”
Herpesvirus
Hepadnavirus
Adenovirus
Poxvirus
Papovavirus (Papilloma, Polyoma, Simian Vacuolating Virus)
Parvovirus
52
Rule: DNA viruses
All are dsDNA except:
All are icosahedral except:
All multiply in the nucleus except:
All are enveloped except:
Parvovirus (ssDNA)
Poxvirus (complex)
Poxvirus (cytoplasm)
PAP (Naked) -Parvovirus -Adenovirus -Papovavirus
53
Brick-shaped
Poxvirus
54
Largest DNA virus: 225 x 300 nm
Poxvirus
55
Poxvirus Inclusions: Guarnieri bodies
Guarnieri bodies
56
Vesicular skin lesions in host
Poxvirus
57
= smallpox
= alastrim
= cowpox (vaccine against smallpox)
a. Variola major
b. Variola minor
c. Vaccinia virus
58
= wartlike tumors
Molluscum contagiosum
59
Lab. Diagnosis:
-CPE on cell culture
-Pocks on Chorioallantoic membrane
-Viral antigens in vesicle fluid = precipitin tests, IF
-Convalescent serum phase = 4-fold increase in antibody titer
Poxvirus
60
Poxvirus Tx:
Methisazone
61
: Cause aplastic crisis (RBC: sickle cell anemia)
Parvovirus Strain B19
62
-5th disease
-Slapped cheeks
Parvovirus Erythema infectiosum
63
Hydrops fetalis: miscarriages
Parvovirus
64
Lab. Diagnosis:
-(+) IgM
-PCR: viral DNA from blood specimen or amniotic fluid
Parvovirus
65
1’ and latency infection
Herpesviridae
66
Herpesviridae
Alpha =
Beta =
Gamma =
HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV
CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7
EBV, HHV-8
67
1’ infection: Gingivostomatitis
HSV-1
68
Latent infection
-Herpes labialis
-Fever blister
-Cold sore
-Keratitis
69
Common cause of viral encephalitis
HSV-1
70
Latency site: Trigeminal ganglion
HSV-1
71
Genital herpes
HSV-2
72
Neonatal herpes
HSV-2
73
Aseptic meningitis
HSV-2
74
Cervical cancer (HPV)
HSV-2
75
Latency site: Sacral ganglion
HSV-2
76
Lab. Diagnosis (HSV-1 & 2)
1. Tzanck smear:
2. Cell culture:
-CPE:
-Virus ID:
3. PCR
multinucleated giant cells w/ cowdry inclusion
most diagnostic
1-5 days
IFT
77
1’ infection: Varicella/Chicken pox
VZV
78
Recurrent/Reactivation: Zoster/Shingles
VZV
79
Latency site: Dorsal root of ganglia
VZV
80
Association in Reye’s syndrome
VZV
81
VZV Lab. Diagnosis:
1. Tzanck smear: multinucleated giant cell w/ cowdry type A inclusion (HSV,
VZV)
2. IFT: method of choice
EBV Infects B cells (CD 21)
(+) Heterophile antibodies
Agent: IM
Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Lab. Diagnosis:
-Not cultured
1. Heterophil Ab test: monospot
2. EBV specific Ab test: EBVCA IgM, EBNA
3. Hematology: Downey cells
CMV MOT: Transplacental, oral, sexual, blood, tissue transplant
#1 congenital infection
Mononucleosis-like but (-) Heterophile Ab
“Owl’s eye” inclusion (PAP or Giemsa) = urine/tissue
Culture:
-HDF cell = method of choice
HHV-6 Roseola infantum
6th childhood disease: skin rash
Reactivation in AIDS:
-Encephalitis
-Pneumonitis
-Chorioretinitis
HHV-7 No known disease
HHV-8 Kaposi’s sarcoma (HIV)
Polyomavirus BK virus = renal disease
JC virus = PML: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Papillomavirus Tropism for squamous epithelial cells = Warts (fingers, sole, face)
Cervical, squamous cell, vulvar, penile cancer
Condylomata acuminate = anogenital warts
Adenovirus #1 Viral conjunctivitis
Serotypes:
1.) 3, 4, 7, 21 = acute respiratory disease
2.) 8, 19 = epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
3.) 11, 21 = hemorrhagic cystitis
4.) 40, 41 = infantile gastroenteritis
Hepadnavirus Acute and chronic hepatitis B
#1 Blood borne disease
HCC
Co-infection/superinfection w/ HDV
Lab. Diagnosis:
-ELISA
-PCR
-Markers:
a. HBsAg
b. HBeAg
c. anti-HBc
d. anti-HBs
e. anti-HBe
82
VZV Lab. Diagnosis:
1. Tzanck smear:
2. IFT:
multinucleated giant cell w/ cowdry type A inclusion (HSV, VZV)
method of choice
83
Infects B cells (CD 21)
EBV
84
(+) Heterophile antibodies
EBV
85
Agent: IM
Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
EBV
86
EBV Lab. Diagnosis:
-Not cultured
1. Heterophil Ab test:
2. EBV specific Ab test:
3. Hematology:
monospot
EBVCA IgM, EBNA
Downey cells
87
MOT: Transplacental, oral, sexual, blood, tissue transplant
CMV
88
#1 congenital infection
CMV
89
Mononucleosis-like but (-) Heterophile Ab
CMV
90
“Owl’s eye” inclusion (PAP or Giemsa) = urine/tissue
CMV
91
Culture:
-HDF cell = method of choice
CMV
92
Roseola infantum
HHV-6
93
6th childhood disease: skin rash
HHV-6
94
Reactivation in AIDS:
-Encephalitis
-Pneumonitis
-Chorioretinitis
HHV-6
95
No known disease
HHV-7
96
Kaposi’s sarcoma (HIV)
HHV-8
97
Polyomavirus
= renal disease
= PML: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
BK virus
JC virus
98
Tropism for squamous epithelial cells = Warts (fingers, sole, face)
Papillomavirus
99
Cervical, squamous cell, vulvar, penile cancer
Papillomavirus
100
Condylomata acuminate = anogenital warts
Papillomavirus
101
#1 Viral conjunctivitis
Adenovirus
102
Adenovirus Serotypes:
= acute respiratory disease
= epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
= hemorrhagic cystitis
= infantile gastroenteritis
1.) 3, 4, 7, 21
2.) 8, 19
3.) 11, 21
4.) 40, 41
103
Acute and chronic hepatitis B
HCC
Co-infection/superinfection w/ HDV
Hepadnavirus
104
#1 Blood borne disease
Hepadnavirus
105
Lab. Diagnosis:
-ELISA
-PCR
Hepadnavirus
106
Hepadnavirus Markers:
a. HBsAg
b. HBeAg
c. anti-HBc
d. anti-HBs
e. anti-HBe
107
RNA viruses
All are ssRNA except:
All are enveloped except: PCR (naked)
All are nonsegmented except: ROBA (segmented)
Reovirus (dsRNA)
-Picornavirus
-Calicivirus
-Reovirus
-Reovirus
-Orthomyxovirus
-Bunyavirus
-Arenavirus
108
RNA viruses Generally helical:
-(+) sense virus (icosahedral)
-(-) sense virus (helical)
109
RNA viruses Positive-Sense virus:
= Call (Calicivirus)
= Pico & (Picornavirus)
= Flo (Flavivirus)
= To (Togavirus)
= Come (Coronavirus)
= Right (Retrovirus)
110
RNA viruses Negative-Sense virus:
= Pairing (Paramyxovirus)
= Of (Orthomyxovirus)
= Rats at (Rhabdovirus)
= Bunny’s (Bunyavirus)
= Area (Arenavirus)
111
Picornaviridase
Acid Resistance:
: acid-resistant
: acid-stable
Site to multiply:
: GIT
: Nasal
-Enterovirus
-Rhinovirus
-Enterovirus
-Rhinovirus
112
Aseptic meningitis
Picornaviridase
ECHOvirus
113
Poliomyelitis
Poliovirus
114
MOT: fecal-oral, respiratory droplets
Poliovirus
115
Anterior horn cells of the spinal cord
Poliovirus
116
Poliovirus Vaccines:
= killed/inactivated virus (injected)
= live attenuated virus (oral)
1. Salk vaccine
2. Sabin vaccine
117
Herpangina
Pleurodynia
Coxsackie A
Coxsackie B
118
Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan virus
ECHOvirus
119
Enterovirus 72
HAV
120
Acid-labile (33’C)
Rhinovirus
121
Common cause of common colds
Rhinovirus
122
Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N)
Orthomyxoviridae
123
Orthomyxoviridae Antigenic changes:
: genetic reassortment (pandemic)
: point mutation (epidemic)
a. Shift
b. Drift
124
Flu virus
Influenza virus
125
Influenza virus:
Type A:
= Spanish flu/Swine flue
= Asian flu
= Hongkong flu
= Avian flu
Type B:
Type C:
Pandemic (Ag shift and drift)
-AH1:N1
-AH2:N2
-AH3:N2
-AH5:N1
Epidemic (Ag drift)
Stable
126
Influenza virus Lab. Diagnosis:
1. Ag detection =
-Throat washing
-Nasopharyngeal aspirate
2. Virus isolation
-Throat swab
-Nasopharyngeal aspirate
-Medium:
3. Serology:
-HAI
-IFT
-EIA
-CFT
IFT, ELISA
PMKC, MDCK, Embryonated egg (hemadsorption)
Ab assay
127
Influenza virus Tx:
Influenza virus Prevention:
Amantidine, Rimantidine
Vaccine
128
Hemagglutinin (H), Neuraminidase (N) and Fusion (F) antigen
Paramyxoviridae
129
Parainfluenza virus
Croup:
Specimen:
Culture:
ID:
Tx:
No vaccine
Laryngotracheobronchitis
NPA/W
PMK, LLC-MK2
Hemadsorption, IF, EIA
Aerosolized ribavirin
130
Parotitis, orchitis, aseptic meningitis
Mumps virus
131
(+) in saliva and urine = IFA, EIA, HAI
Mumps virus
132
Culture: PMK, HEK, Embryonated egg
Mumps virus
133
Koplik spots
Measles (Rubeola) virus/Morbillivirus
134
2nd infection: SSPE (Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)
Measles (Rubeola) virus/Morbillivirus
135
Measles (Rubeola) virus/Morbillivirus
Specimen:
Culture:
Serology:
NPS, urine
PMK (multinucleated cells)
(+) IgM Ab’s
136
#1 Bronchiolitis in children
RSV
137
RSV
Specimen:
Culture:
Tx:
NPS → DFA, EIA
PMK (syncytia), HDFC
Ribavirin
138
Henipavirus
: Encephalitis = Pig → Man
: Respiratory disease in horses
Nipah virus
Hendra virus
139
Togaviridae
Arbovirus
Alphavirus
Rubivirus
140
Arthropod borne (mosquito)
Arbovirus
141
Arbovirus Includes:
-Flavivirus
-Bunyavirus
142
Flavivirus:
a. Dengue fever virus
b. St. Louis encephalitis virus
c. Yellow fever virus
d. Japanese B encephalitis virus
e. West Nile encephalitis virus
143
-Aedes aegypti
-Acute hemorrhagic fever
-“Saddleback fever”, “Breakbone fever”
= Culex
= Councilman bodies
a. Dengue fever virus
b. St. Louis encephalitis virus
c. Yellow fever virus
144
California encephalitis virus
Bunyavirus
145
Rift Valley fever
Bunyavirus
146
Hantavirus: Hantaan (Korean) virus
Bunyavirus
147
Hemorrhagic fever w/ renal involvement
Bunyavirus
148
Encephalitis:
-Western equine encephalitis (WEE)
-Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)
-Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)
Alphaviruses
149
German measles: 3-day rash
Rubivirus (Rubella virus)
150
“Blueberry muffin” baby
Rubivirus (Rubella virus)
151
Teratogenic virus (fetal defect)
Rubivirus (Rubella virus)
152
Lab. Diagnosis:
-IF
-EIA
-HA test: sensitive
Rubivirus (Rubella virus)
153
Rhabdoviridae:
1. Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
-
-
Lab. Diagnosis:
2. Vesicular stomatitis
-
-Bullet-shaped
-Cause encephalitis
Negri bodies (dog brain) = Seller’s stain
-Cattle, horse, pig
154
Filamentous
Filoviridae
155
Filoviridae :
1. Marburg-Ebola virus
2. Hemorrhagic fever
156
Reoviridae :
= Wagon wheel like (EM)
= Colorado tick fever
1. Rotavirus = Wagon wheel like (EM)
2. Orbivirus = Colorado tick fever
157
Club-shaped
SARS agent; common colds
Gastroenteritis
Coronavirus
158
Lab. Diagnosis: EM, IF, EIA
Coronavirus
159
Norwalk-like virus
Calicivirus
Astrovirus
160
Calicivirus
Astrovirus
#1 gastroenteritis (adults)
Diarrhea
Calicivirus
Astrovirus
Lab. Diagnosis: EM
Retrovirus Reverse transcriptase: RNA DNA
1. Lentivirus
-HIV: AIDS
2. Oncornavirus
-HTLV-I: Human T cell Leukemia
-HTLV-II: Hairy Cell Leukemia
Lab. Diagnosis:
a. Serology:
-ELISA (screen)
-WB (confirm)
161
#1 gastroenteritis (adults)
Diarrhea
Calicivirus
Astrovirus
162
Lab. Diagnosis: EM
Calicivirus
Astrovirus
163
Reverse transcriptase: RNA → DNA
Retrovirus
164
Retrovirus
1. Lentivirus
-HIV:
2. Oncornavirus
-HTLV-I:
-HTLV-II:
AIDS
Human T cell Leukemia
Hairy Cell Leukemia
165
Lab. Diagnosis:
a. Serology:
-ELISA (screen)
-WB (confirm)
-PCR: HIV-DNA
Retrovirus
166
Arena-Sandy hemorrhagic fever
Arenaviridae
167
Arenaviridae:
=
= Argentina
= Bolivia
= Zoonotic (rats)
1. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus
2. Junin virus
3. Machupo virus
4. Lassa fever virus
168
Picornavirus (Enterovirus 72)
HAV
169
Infectious hepatitis
HAV
170
Hepadnavirus
HBV
171
Serum hepatitis
HBV
172
Flavivirus
HCV
173
Non-A, Non-B/post-transfusion hepatitis
HCV
174
Viroid-like
HDV
175
Require HBV infection
HDV
176
Calicivirus
HEV
177
Water-borne
HEV
178
Flavivirus
HGV
179
Blood-borne hepatitis
HGV
180
Prion-caused diseases (Slow disease)
1. Scrapie = sheep/goat
2. Kuru
3. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) = man
4. Gerstmann-Straussler Scheinker syndrome (GSS)
5. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy = mad cow disease
