mutation

Question 1

define mutations

Answer 1

heritable changes in base sequences that modify the information in DNA

Question 2

what is deamination?

Answer 2

substitution mutation due to the removal of an amine group from a nitrogenous base. example: A to G or C to T

Question 3

what is oxidation?

Answer 3

substitution mutation where nitrogenous base is oxidized, causing it to pair with the wrong base

Question 4

define mutagen

Answer 4

something that can cause mutations

Question 5

what is a thymine dimer

Answer 5

when two thymines are next to each other in a DNA sequence, UV radiation can cause them to bind to each other, forming a dimer instead of with their base pairs

Question 6

what is the fix for base-pairing errors during replication?

Answer 6

proofreading abilities of DNA pol

Question 7

what is the fix for base-pairing errors after replication?

Answer 7

methyl-directed mismatch repair

Question 8

what is the fix for modifications to bases?

Answer 8

glycosylases (base excision repair)

Question 9

what is the fix for thymine dimers?

Answer 9

exonucleases (nucleotide excision repair)

Question 10

what is the end result of unequal crossing over?

Answer 10

one chromosome with a deletion and one chromosome with a duplication

Question 11

true or false? unequal crossing over can be fixed by excision or mismatch repair

Answer 11

false