Mutation & Cancer Flashcards
Silent mutation
Nucleotide pair substitued for another yet leads to the same amino acid - No impact on protien
Missense mutation
Base susbition leads to different amino acid - May or may not effect protien
Nonsense mutation
Base substituion leads to premature stop codon - Large impact esp if occurs early on
Insertion mutation
Addition of base causes frameshift leading to premature stop codon - Major impact esp if early
Deletion mutation
Deletion of base resulting in frameshift and premature stop codon- Impacts everything else in translation
3 Nucleotide pair mutation
Three bases deleted loses an entire amino acid - May or may not have impact
Sickle cell anaemia
Missense mutation where GUG instead of GAG results in valine not glutamine
Huntingtons disease
3 nucleotide pair mutation - Wrong amino acid
Cyclin
Protien that fluctuates in conc through cell cycle
Cyclin dependent kinase
Enzyme actiavted by cyclin and phosphorylates other substances
Maturation M phase promoting factor
Specific cyclin complex that phosphorylates protiens for mitosis to commense
Stop and GO signals
Check points rely on these signals as they keep proliferation in check or stimulate it
Cancer
Disfunctional stop and go signals leads to uncontrolled cell growth - Occurs via mutation and altered protien
Genetic predisposition
Cancer inherited due to deficiency in gene
Acquired cancer
Due to lifestyle
