Mutation detection

Question 1

polymerase chain reaction

Answer 1

-amplifies a defined region of DNA
-mixture:
-DNA
-primers (10-20 nt long)
-DNA polymerase

-DNA template denatured
-elongation of chain
-repeated continuously for ~30 cycles
-targeted sequence amplified

Question 2

mutation detection

Answer 2

-compare DNA sequence (chromatograph) among many animals
-include affected and controls

Question 3

PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism

Answer 3

-(PCR-RFLP)
-restriction endonuclease recognize 4 or 6 base pair sequences
-creates blunt or sticky ends

Question 4

genotyping by KASP

Answer 4

-kompetative allele-specific PCR”
-allele specific forward primers with florochromes (red or blue)
-same reverse primer
-amplification
-no digestion

Question 5

DNA testing in the industry

Answer 5

-A.I sires- holsteins tested for disease, traits
-purebred sales advertise:
color genotype
polled genotype
leptin genotype
genetic abnormalities
-chicken industry:
FMO3 to remove egg taint

Question 6

pig selection DNA tests:

Answer 6

-coat color:
-MC1R- red/black
-KIT (dom white, belt)
-EDNRB (spotting)
-litter size:
-estrogen receptor

-weight gain
-fat content
-meat quality:
-redement napole (dom mutatin, meat is pale and soft)

Question 7

porcine stress syndrome

Answer 7

-rapid death of animal during transport
-triggered by stress or excitement or anesthetics
-meat quality is low (assoceated with pale, soft and exudative meat)
-ryanodine receptor gene in the calcium channel pathway
-T to C substitution at nucleotide position 1843
-detected with restriction enzymes

Question 8

holstein canada tests:

Answer 8

-orders all AI sires to be tested for disease at owners expence
-test for diseases: BLAD, mule foot
-publishes geneotypes or inferred genotypes in AI catalogs:
-honozygous black
-heterozygous black
-red
-varient red

Question 9

mulefoot

Answer 9

-inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with variable penetrance in different cattle breeds
-mutation in low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) gene

Question 10

Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Answer 10

-recessive mutation in CD18 gene
-unthrifty, sickly holstein calves that die

Question 11

kappa casein

Answer 11

-effects curd properties of milk
-important in soft cheese production
-BB desired genotype
-AA undesirable

Question 12

changeling

Answer 12

calf is born red but coat color changes to black usually within 3-6 months