Mutation Test

Question 1

Point Mutations

Answer 1

occurs within the protein coding region of a gene classified by the effected on the resulting protein.

Question 2

Transition

Answer 2

Exchanges a purine for a purine (A<—>G) or a pyrimidine for a pyrimidine (C<—>T)

Question 3

Transversion

Answer 3

Less common, exchanges a purine for a pyrimidine or a pyrimidine for a purine (C/T<—>A/G)

Question 4

Types of Point Mutations

Answer 4

Silent- Mutated codons codes for the same amino acid.
Missense- Mutated codons.
codes for a different amino acid
Nonsense- Mutated codons is a premature stop codon.

Question 5

Reading Frame

Answer 5

A three base frame that seperates the bases into codons.

Question 6

Deletion

Answer 6

Remove one or more nucleotide from the same DNA.

Question 7

Insertion

Answer 7

Add one or more nucleotide from the same DNA.

Question 8

Splice site mutation

Answer 8

Mutations in the coding region of a gene may also alter the splicing of the mRNA.

Question 9

Frameshift mutation

Answer 9

Mutations which alter the reading Frame.

Question 10

Homeostasis

Answer 10

the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal state that persists despite changes in the world outside.

Question 11

Loss of function Mutation

Answer 11

result in a gene product or protein having less or no function

Question 12

Null Allele

Answer 12

has a complete loss of function.

Question 13

Haploinsufficiency

Answer 13

when a rudust dosage of a normal gene product

Question 14

Gain of function

Answer 14

a gene product or protein having a new and abnormal function and usually result in a dominant phenotype

Question 15

Dominant Negative

Answer 15

An altered product that acts in a dominant mutter to the wild type gene product in the same cell

Question 16

DNA Repair

Answer 16

refers to a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to DNA

Question 17

DNA mismatch repair

Answer 17

A system for recognizing and repairing erroneous insertion, deletion and miss-incorporation

Question 18

MutH

Answer 18

cuts the DNA strand near the closest mentholated site to the mismatch

Question 19

MutSHL

Answer 19

Slides along the DNA in the direction of the mismatch

Question 20

Nucleotide extension repair

Answer 20

removes the vast majority of uv-induced DNA damage.

Question 21

Global Genomic NER

Answer 21

repairs damage in both transcribed and untranscribed DNA strand in active and inactive genes.

Question 22

Transcribed-coupled NER

Answer 22

a faster process of global genomic NER.

Question 23

Base Excision repair

Answer 23

repairs small, non helix distorting changes in the DNA

Question 24

Gene Pool

Answer 24

The combination of all genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population in other species

Question 25

Evolution

Answer 25

The process by which living organisms changes over time through changes over time through changes overtime through changes in the genome

Question 26

Cancer

Answer 26

developing due to unregulated cell division

Question 27

oncogenes

Answer 27

Mutations found in the DNA of cancer cells

Question 28

Tumor- suppressor genes

Answer 28

In "normal" cells the products of tumor suppressor genes temporarily discourage cell growth

Question 29

proto-oncogenes

Answer 29

can modify their expression and the function of the gene product.

Question 30

gene expression

Answer 30

The process by which information from a gene is used to create a functional product, typically a protein

Question 31

oncogenesis

Answer 31

the complex, multi-step process by which normal cells turn into cancerous cells, leading to cancer growth in the body.

Question 32

Know the stages when gene expression can be regulated and how?

Answer 32

epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational

Question 33

What is the importance of gene regulation?

Answer 33

an important part of normal development.