Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cytology > Mutation/transport/protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Mutation/transport/protein Synthesis Flashcards

0
Q

List the 4 ways in which mutation can occur

A

Substitution
Deletion
Insertion
Inversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Define mutation

A

Change in genetic info

Change in DNA sequence/number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 causes for mutation

A

Chance - spontaneous mutations

Induced by mutagenic agents eg x Rays

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which type of cells pass on mutations, which don’t?

A

Mutations in gametes are inherited

Mutations in somatic cells cannot be

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is protein synthesis

A

How each cell uses

DNA code/genetic info to

Make proteins/structures it needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 stages of protein synthesis

A

Transcription

Translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe transcription

A

Copy of 1 gene from DNA made into MRNA

MRNA travels from nucleus to ribosome for translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the m in MRNA stand for

A

Messenger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

1 gene is 1?

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe translation

A

Ribosome reads code

Uses info to build required protein - polypeptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A good way to imagine proteins is

A

As different combinations & lengths of diff coloured beads

Beads are amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe 2 types of transport in human body

A

Passive

Active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define passive transport

A

No energy used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define active transport

A

Uses ATP energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three types of passive transport

A

Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 3 types of active transport

A

Sodium potassium pump
Endocytosis
Exocytosis

16
Q

Transport of what to where?

A

Molecule transport across cell membrane

17
Q

In which ‘direction’ does passive transport travel

A

Down the concentration gradient

Downhill

18
Q

In which ‘direction’ does active transport travel

A

Up the concentration gradient

Uphill

19
Q

Describe diffusion

A

Movement of small substance from area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Dog farting in large room

20
Q

Give example of bodily diffusion

A

Transfer of O2 from lung alveoli into blood

21
Q

What substances are transported via diffusion

A

Gases
Liquids
Solutions of ions

22
Q

What happens to the protein carrier molecules during facilitated diffusion

A

Change shape - form protein channel - deposits substance on other side

23
Q

Describe facilitated diffusion

A

Movement of larger substance from area of high concentration to low

With aid of protein carrier molecules/sites in the membrane

24
Q

What else do you know about protein carrier sites

A

Specific - lock & key

Transport maximum

25
Q

Which substances use facilitated diffusion

A

Substances unable to diffuse unaided

Glucose
Amino acids
Ions

26
Q

Describe osmosis

A

Movement of water down its concentration gradient when cannot be achieved by diffusion

Water dilutes concentrated solution
And dilutes concentrated solution to reach equilibrium

27
Q

Which are the three types of solution associated with osmosis

A

Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic

28
Q

Describe sodium-potassium pump

A

Transport substances from low to high concentration.

ATP used to activate protein carrier molecules to transport against/up gradient

29
Q

Substances using Sodium-potassium pump transport?

A

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Hydrogen

30
Q

2 types of endocytosis (and define)

A

Phagocytosis - cell EATING large particles

Pinocytosis - cell DRINKING large particles

31
Q

What is endocytosis

A

Particles engulfed/enclosed by extensions of cytoplasm & plasma membrane

Forms membrane-bound vacuole

Lysosomes adhere to vacuole membrane, releasing enzymes to digest contents

32
Q

Substances using endocytosis

A

Liquids
Microbes
Cell fragments

34
Q

Describe exocytosis

A

Waste material removal

Reverse phagocytosis

35
Q

Substances requiring exocytosis

A

Secretory granules from Golgi apparatus

Indigestible residue of phagocytosis

Cytology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions