Mutations Flashcards
(11 cards)
1
Q
Gene mutation
A
- change in the DNA base
sequence - occurs during DNA replication
-occur spontaneously - includes addition, deletion,
substitution, inversion, - duplication and translocation
of bases
2
Q
Mutagenic
agents
A
Chemical or radiation that
increases mutation rate
3
Q
Addition
mutation
A
- One extra base is added to the
DNA sequence - changing the nature of all
base triplets downstream from
the mutation (frameshift)
4
Q
Deletion
mutation
A
- One base is deleted in the DNA
sequence. - changing the nature of all
base triplets downstream from
the mutation (frameshift)
5
Q
Substitution
mutation
A
- One base in the DNA sequence is
changed - no frameshift
- only one codon changes
- may have no impact due to the
degenerate nature of the genetic
code meanign the same amino acid
is encoded in the polypeptide
6
Q
Frameshift
A
- A change in all the codons
downstream from the mutation - each base is read in a new
triplet, altering all subsequent
codons and amino acids they
code for
7
Q
Inversion
mutation
A
- A section of bases detach from
the DNA sequence and re-join
inverted - results in different amino acids
being coded for in the
polypeptide in this region
8
Q
Duplication
mutation
A
- One or more bases are
duplicated in the sequence, - changing the nature of all base
triplets downstream from the
mutation (frameshift)
9
Q
Translocation of
bases
mutation
A
A section of bases on one
chromosome detaches and
attaches to a different
chromosome
10
Q
Non-functioning
protein
A
- a protein with a different primary
and therefore tertiary structure - therefore the 3D shape is changed
- it cannot carry out its function
11
Q
Transcriptional
factor
A
- proteins that bind to DNA and
initiate or inhibit transcription of
specific genes. - binds the promoter region of DNA
to stimulate RNA polymerase
