True or False

Question 1

True or False: A
mutation in a proto-
oncogene can lead to
increased cell division.

Answer 1

True
Explanation: When proto-
oncogenes mutate into
oncogenes, they can become
permanently activated, causing
uncontrolled cell division.

Question 2

True or False:
Hypermethylation of
tumour suppressor genes
can lead to cancer.

Answer 2

True
Explanation: Hypermethylation
silences these genes, so they
can’t stop cell division,
potentially leading to tumour
formation.

Question 3

True or False: DNA
fragments can be
separated by length
using gel electrophoresis.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: Shorter DNA
fragments move further through
the gel, separating them by size.

Question 3

True or False: siRNA
binds to DNA and
prevents
transcription.

Answer 3

False
Explanation: siRNA binds to
mRNA and causes it to be
degraded, preventing
translation, not transcription.

Question 4

True or False:
Transcription factors bind
to mRNA to control gene
expression.

Answer 4

False
Explanation: Transcription
factors bind to DNA, often at
promoter regions, to control
transcription.

Question 4

True or False: A
mutation that adds or
deletes bases may
cause a frameshift.

Answer 4

True
Explanation: Addition or
deletion of bases can change
the reading frame, altering
every codon after the mutation.

Question 5

True or False: Plasmids
are commonly used as
vectors in genetic
engineering.

Answer 5

True
Explanation: Plasmids are
circular DNA molecules used to
insert genes into bacterial cells.

Question 6

True or False:
Epigenetic changes
alter the DNA base
sequence.

Answer 6

False
Explanation: Epigenetic
changes, such as methylation
or acetylation, affect gene
expression without altering the
DNA sequence.