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Flashcards in mutations Deck (10)
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1
Q

define: mutation

A

change to DNA

2
Q

how can mutations occur?

A

due to errors in replications or mutagens

3
Q

/mutagen def and example

A

factors causing mutation. eg. UV light causes mutation in skin cells leading to skin cancers

4
Q

most are detected…

A

and repaired by enzymes, otherwise can be good, bad, neutral

5
Q

where can it occur?

A

body (somatic mutations)

gametes (germline mutations)

6
Q

what are the 2 types of mutations?

A

point an block

7
Q

describe point mutations

A

adding/deleting/changing it

8
Q

types of point mutations

A
  • substitution: changes; nonsense (forms stop codon), silent (codon codes for same aa) an missense (changes)
  • frameshift: 1/2 nucleotides added or deleted; changes codons and hence aa’s.
9
Q

describe block mutations

A

whole segments of chromosomes are altered.

10
Q

describe types of block mutations

A
  • duplication
  • deletion
  • inversion (flippe
  • insertion (one to another
  • translocation (swapped)