MUTATIONS, CHROMOSOMAL ABBERATIONS, ETC.

Question 1

Involves a whole set of chromosome, homologous chromosomes, single chromosomes, or segments of a chromosome

Answer 1

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS

Question 2

affects genome structure or chromosome structure

Answer 2

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS

Question 3

Changes that involves the whole genome or entire set of chromosomes

Answer 3

EUPLOIDY

Question 4

Organism with cells containing 3 or more sets of chromosomes

Answer 4

POLYPLOIDS

Question 5

Polyploidy is due to multiplication of one genome

Answer 5

AUTOPOLYPLOID

Question 6

Involves multiple sets of genome that are not identical

Answer 6

ALLOPOLYPLOID

Question 7

Occurs when one or more chromosomes of a normal set are lacking or are present in excess

Answer 7

ANEUPLOIDY

Question 8

Trisomy 21 is an example of ———–, having an excess chromosome in chromosome no. 21

Answer 8

CHROMOSOMAL ANEUPLOIDY

Question 9

The failure of tetrads to separate during anaphase I leads to

Answer 9

Nondisjunction in Meiosis I

Question 10

The failure of sister chromatids to separate during the anaphase II

Answer 10

Nondisjunction in Meiosis II

Question 11

Loss of a segment of the chromosome

Answer 11

DELETION

Question 12

A single break on the terminal ends of the chromosome

Answer 12

Terminal deletion

Question 13

The loss of the segments in between the chromosome; two breaks and reattachment of the outer pieces

Answer 13

INTERSTITIAL DELETION

Question 14

When a section of the chromosome is in excess of the normal amount

Answer 14

Duplications or repeats

Question 16

The rotation of a chromosome segment to a full 180 degrees

Answer 16

INVERSIONS

Question 17

When one segment of a chromosome becomes attached to a different chromosome or to a different part of the same chromosome

Answer 17

TRANSLOCATION

Question 18

Occurs when a single piece of chromosome is attached to another chromosome

Answer 18

SIMPLE TRANSLOCATION

Question 19

fertile, because the potential exists for equal segregation of homologs during meiosis

Answer 19

EVEN-NUMBER POLYPLOIDS

Question 20

Have unpaired chromosomes; rare balanced gametes; sterile

Answer 20

ODD-NUMBER POLYPOIDS

Question 21

caused by natural processes in cells

Answer 21

spontaneous mutation

Question 22

caused by interaction of DNA with a mutagen

Answer 22

Induced mutation

Question 23

bases that are similar enough to the standard bases to be incorporated into nucleotides during DNA replication

Answer 23

Base analogs

Question 24

It causes point mutations

Answer 24

Chemical mutagen

Question 25

# TRUE OR FALSE 5-bromouracil is an analog of A

Answer 25

FALSE, it is an analog of T

Question 26

# TRUE OR FALSE 2-aminopurine is an analog of A

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

Intercalation causes insertion during DNA replication

Answer 27

Intercalating agents

Question 28

UV radiation, Ionizing radiation and heat are characterized as

Answer 28

Physical mutagen

Question 29

mobile pieces of DNA that can move from one location in a genome to another

Answer 29

Transposons or transposable elements

Question 30

Changes in genetic material - changes in DNA code - thus change in a gene

Answer 30

Mutations

Question 31

the DNA code will have a base(or more) missing, added, or exchanged in a codon

Answer 31

gene mutations

Question 32

# TRUE OR FALSE Only mutations in gametes (egg and sperm) are passed onto offspring.

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

# TRUE OR FALSE Mutations in **body cells** only affect the organism in which they occur and are not passed onto the offspring.

Answer 33

TRUE

Question 34

Occurs when a base sequence of a codon is changed.

Answer 34

POINT MUTATIONS

Question 35

3 TYPES OF POINT MUTATIONS

Answer 35

Substitution Deletion Insertion

Question 36

A single nitrogen base is substituted for another codon. It may or may not affect the amino acid or protein.

Answer 36

SUBSTITUTION MUTATIONS

Question 37

A nitrogen base is inserted/ added to the sequence. It causes the triplet frames to shift. Always affects the amino acids and proteins.

Answer 37

INSERTION MUTATIONS

Question 38

A nitrogen base is deleted or removed from the sequence. It causes the triplet frames to shift. Always affects the amino acids and proteins.

Answer 38

DELETION MUTATIONS

Question 39

Has the least effect because it changes only one amino acid or it may change no amino acid.

Answer 39

SUBSTITUTION

Question 40

# TRUE OR FALSE Sickle cell anemia is an example of substitution mutations.

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

Huntington's disease is an example of substitution mutations, wherein a nitrogenous base is inserted to the sequence.

Answer 41

FALSE, it is an example of insertion mutation

Question 42

A genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA.

Answer 42

POINT MUTATIONS

Question 43

Mutations in DNA that do not have an observable effect on the organism's phenotype. Specific type of neutral mutation.

Answer 43

Silent Mutations

Question 44

A change in one DNA base pair; the altered DNA sequence prematurely signals the cell to stop building the protein; results in a shortened protein that may function improperly

Answer 44

NONSENSE MUTATION

Question 45

Change in one DNA base pair that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene.

Answer 45

MISSENSE MUTATIONS

Question 46

This type of mutation occurs when addition or loss of DNA bases changes a gene's reading frame. It shifts the groupings of these bases and changes the code for amino acid.

Answer 46

FRAMESHIFT MUTATION | resulting protein is non-functional

Question 47

removal of a piece of DNA

Answer 47

DELETION

Question 48

addition of a piece of DNA

Answer 48

insertion

Question 49

types of chromosomal mutations

Answer 49

Deletion Inversion Duplication Translocation

Question 50

changes that often occurs during meiosis

Answer 50

chromosomal mutations

Question 51

one or more nucleotides are lost or deleted from the chromosome

Answer 51

deletion

Question 52

a portion of a genetic material or chromosome is duplicated or replicated

Answer 52

DUPLICATION

Question 53

results from an unequal crossing over between misaligned homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Answer 53

duplication

Question 54

a portion of a chromosome is relocated, and incorporated into a different chromosome

Answer 54

TRANSLOCATION