THE CONCEPT OF A GENE

Question 1

two viewpoints for a gene

Answer 1

A. A HYPOTHETICAL ENTITY BY WHICH ONE COULD EXPLAIN THE RESULTS OF BREEDING EXPERIMENTS

B. A CHEMICAL COMPUND OR MOLECULE

Question 2

Define gene

Answer 2

basic and functional unit of heredity

Question 3

Basic and functional unit of heredity

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

building blocks of DNA and RNA

Answer 4

NUCLEOTIDES

Question 5

DNA and RNA are what kind of molecules?

Answer 5

NUCLEIC ACIDS

Question 6

Charge of histones

Answer 6

positively charged; basic

Question 7

Charge of Non-histone chromosomal proteins

Answer 7

negatively charged; acidic

Question 8

Characteristics of Genetic Material

Answer 8

1. contain complex information
2. replicate faithfully
3. encode the phenotype
4. capacity to vary

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE: DNA contain in all diploid cells of an organism is relatively constant.

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

Isolated “nuclein” from nuclei of human pus cells

Answer 10

FRIEDRICH MIESHER (1869)

Question 11

Tetranucleotide hypothesis; DNA was composed of repeating sequences of four nucleotides

Answer 11

PHOEBUS LEVENE

Question 12

Transforming principle: Study streptococcus pneumonia

-The virulence of one bacteria can transform the virulence of another bacteria

S-strain (smooth) can cause diseases/ R-strain - non-virulence

Answer 12

FREDERICK GRIFFITH (1928)

Question 13

Duplicated Griffith’s experiment; DNA is the transforming substance

Proteinase is added to inactivate protein; with DNA and RNA = can cause virulence

RNAase is added to inactivate RNA; with protein and DNA = can cause virulence

DNAase is added to inactivate DNA; with protein and RNA = do not cause virulence

Answer 13

AVERY, MACLEOD, AND MCCARTY (1944)

Question 14

DNA as the genetic material; molar concentrations of Adenine = Thymine, and Guanine = Cytosine

Answer 14

ERWIN CHARGAFF (1948)

Question 15

Histone proteins is positively charged, thus it is

Answer 15

basic

non-histone = acidic

Question 15

Why are viruses considered not to be alive?

Answer 15

1. they are aggregates of nucleic acid and proteins
2. needs a host

Question 15

Blender experiment; bacteriophage (penetration of radioactive bacteria to E. coli = no radioactive bacteria)

a. Infection
b. Blending
c. Centrifugation

Answer 15

ALFRED HERSHEY AND MARTHA CHASE (1952)

Question 16

The DNA has ——— charge

Answer 16

negative net charge