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MYCOBACTERIA Flashcards

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1
Q

the most familiar species of mycobacteria that is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) and Hansen disease (leprosy), respectively.

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae

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2
Q

general characteristics of mycobacteria

A

Slender, slightly curved or straight, rod-shaped organisms

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3
Q

is mycobacteria non motile or motile?

A

non-motile (—remember non-motile as it only stays at lungs btch)

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4
Q

is it gram negative or positive>

A

gram positive PURPLE just like the color of the lungs

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5
Q

is its non spore forming or no?

A

non spore forming, deadly don’t need spores anymore

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6
Q

what’s something distinct on its cell wall?

A

extremely high lipid content

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7
Q

describe its staining capabality

A

can resist decolorization of acid ethanol and heat must be applied when staining, cant do it with basic dyes

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8
Q

aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Strictly AEROBIC, but increased carbon dioxide (CO2) will enhance the growth of some species.

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9
Q

one of the mycobacteria pathogenic for humans, fails to grow in vitro

A

M. leprae

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10
Q

how many weeks do mycobacteria grow when incubated on complex media at specific optimal temperatures

A

2-6 weeks

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11
Q

PERSONAL SAFETY:

The administration of the microbiology laboratory must ensure that each employee is:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A

(1) provided with adequate safety equipment,
(2) trained in safe laboratory procedures,
(3) informed of the hazards associated with the procedures,
(4) prepared for action following an unexpected accident, and
(5) monitored regularly by medical personnel

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12
Q

Ventilation: _____ air pressure

A

negative

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13
Q

Biological safety cabinet requiremnets

A

Class I negative-pressure cabinet or Class II vertical, laminar flow cabinets

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14
Q

The _____ is the single most important piece of equipment in a mycobacteriology laboratory

A

biological safety cabinet

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15
Q

Minimum level of respiratory protection

A

N-95 mask

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16
Q

Minimum level of respiratory protection:

Respirator that contains a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health–certified N series filter with a ____ efficiency rating

A

95%

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17
Q

USE OF PROPER DISINFECTANT:

sodium hypochlorite concentration

A

0.1 - 0.5%

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18
Q

USE OF PROPER DISINFECTANT:
contact time of 0.1 - 0.5% sodium hypochlorite

A

10 - 30 mns

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19
Q

USE OF PROPER DISINFECTANT:
phenol concentration

A

5%

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20
Q

USE OF PROPER DISINFECTANT:
contact time of 5% phenol

A

10 -30 mns

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21
Q

USE OF PROPER DISINFECTANT:

a phenol soap mixtures containing _____ or other ______

A

orthophenol or other ohenolic derivatives

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22
Q

USE OF PROPER DISINFECTANT:

phenol soap mixtures containing orthophenol or other phenol derivatives contact time

A

10 - 30 mns

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23
Q

USE OF PROPER DISINFECTANT:
concentration of formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde

A

3-8% formaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde

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24
Q

USE OF PROPER DISINFECTANT:
contact time for 3-8% formaldehyde or 2% glutaraldehyde

A

atleast 30mns

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25
most common specimen in mycobacteria test
sputum and bronchial aspirates
26
early-morning specimen should be collected on how many days
3 consecutive days
27
volume of sputum needed
5-10ml
28
is collected when sputum is not available
Bronchial washing, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), or transbronchial biopsy
29
is used for patients who have trouble producing sputum spontaneously. The patient inhales nebulized hypertonic saline solution which liquefies airways secretion. It promotes coughing and it allows expectoration of respiratory secretions
Sputum induction
30
what to do when there's a delay in processing
refrigerate
31
how many samples are needed to confirm a diagnosis
at least two of the first three sputum direct smears are positive
32
additional specimens are needed for culture confirmation if
When none or only one of the first three sputum smears is positiv
33
Decontamination and digestion agents: concentration of sodium hydroxide
4-2% sodium hydroxide SERVES AS DG AND DC agent
34
a mucolytic digestion agent, when it is combined with NaOH, it facilitates the contamination by further digesting muco-purulent specimens which allows the sodium hydroxide to penetrate
N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine
35
aka sputolysin; same with NALC (DG)
Dithiothreitol
36
a decontamination agent aside from what is mentioned.
Benzalkonium chloride (Zephiran)
37
decontaminate specimens contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, , such as sputum specimens from patients with CF
5% Oxalic acid
38
in afb staining, giv ethe size of the bacterial smear
2 cm long and 1 cm wide
39
more sensitive than carbolfuchsin stain
Auramine or Auramine-rhodamine Fluorochrome stains
40
what microscope is needed in Auramine or Auramine-rhodamine Fluorochrome stains
Fluorescence microscope
41
a positive mycobacteria under fluorescence microscope
bright, yellow-orange bacilli against a dark background
42
percentage comparison of auramine-rhodamine fluorochrome stains than other stain
18%
43
Partially acid-fast organisms
● Nocardia spp. ● Legionella micdadei ● Rhodococcus spp.
44
carbon dioxide concentration requirement
5-10%
45
media pH for culture media
pH between 6.5 and 6.8
46
among the mycobacteria species, which one has the longest replication time
M. tuberculosis has the longest replication time
47
Three general types of culture media:
Egg-based media Serum albumin agar media Liquid media
48
Egg based media that is most commonly used in clinical laboratory
LJ media
49
3 egg based media
LJ MEDIA Petragnani media American Thoracic Society (ATS) media
50
Each egg based media contains ______
Malachite green
51
Egg based media inhibits _____ bacteria
Gram-positive
52
Selective media that contain antimicrobial agents - Gruft modification of LJ and Mycobactosel
American Thoracic Society (ATS) media
53
2 Serum Albumin Agar Media
1. Middlebrook 7H10 2. Middlebrook 7H11 agar
54
Middlebrook 7H11 agar contains ____% of ______
0.1% casein hydrolysate
55
improves the recovery of isoniazid-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis
The Middlebrook 7H11 agar that contains 0.1% casein hydrolysate
56
Serum albumin agar media Both excess heat and exposure of the prepared media to light can result in the release of _____, which is toxic to mycobacterial growth.
formaldehyde
57
Liquid media for mycobacteria
1. Middlebrook 7H9 broth 2. Dubos Tween Albumin
58
Mycobacterium spp. grow more rapidly in what medium, and it can be used for both primary isolation and subculturing.
Liquid medium
59
The first step is to confirm that the isolate recovered in broth or on solid media is an _____ by performing an acid-fast stain.
acid-fast organism
60
General appearance of mycobacteria
smooth and soft or rough and friable appearance
61
It has a rough often exhibit a prominent patterned texture
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
62
A patterned texture of mycobacterium tuberculosis is called
cording (curved strands of bacilli)
63
It has a variable appearance with glossy whitish colonies often occurring with smaller translucent colonies
Mycobacterium avium complex
64
Different growth rates that are determined by growth in 7 days
Rapid and slow growers
65
Species that grow best at 30°C to 32°C
M. marinum, M. ulcerans and M. haemophilum
66
Species that grow best at 42°C
M. xenopi
67
Photoreactivity is divided into 3 groups
1. Photochoromogens 2. Scotochromogens 3. Nonchromogenic or nonphotochromogenic
68
Photoreactivity -produces carotene pigment on exposure to light - color changes from pale yellow to orange
Photochoromogens
69
Produce pigment in the light or dark
Scotochromogens
70
-buff (tan) colonies; non photoreactive - Exposure to light does not induce pigment formation
Nonchromogenic or nonphotochromogenic
71
Example of nonchromogenic or nonphotochromogenic
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
72
Is detected by measuring nicotinic acid, which reacts with cyanogen bromide in the presence of aniline to form a yellow compound
Niacin Accumulation
73
Organism positive in niacin accumulation
M. Tuberculosis
74
Why M.tuberculosis is easily detected by niacin accumulation
M.tuberculosis produced high free niacin (nicotinic acid), and it lacks NIACIN-CONNECTING ENZYME . These niacin reacts with cyanogen bromide in the presence of amine to form yellow pigmented compound
75
Positive reaction of nitrate reduction
Red pigment
76
Species positive in nitrate reduction
M. kansasii, M. szulgai, M. fortuitum, and M. tuberculosis
77
Enzyme in nitrate reduction
Nitrate reductase
78
Do mycobacterium are catalase positive?
Yes
79
In catalase test, what is the temperature and time for heating the culture?
68°C for 20mns
80
Reagent in catalase test
30% hydrogen peroxide
81
Medium used in catalase test
Tween 80
82
Test to distinguish scotochromogenic and nonphotochromogenic bacteria
Hydrolysis of tween 80
83
Hydrolysis of tween 80 detects the ability of mycobacteria to split the detergent tween 80 into _____ and ____ by the presence of enzyme lipase
Oleic acid and polyoxyethylated
84
PH indicator of hydrolysis of tween 80
Neutral red

FINALS - bacte (7 decks)

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