Mycobacterial Diseases Flashcards
(31 cards)
how many species of Mycobacteria
> 100
What is shape and oxygen need of mycobacteria
Aerobic bacilli
Generation time of mycobacteria
Very slow
What is rich in cell wall of mycobacteria
-Lipids
-Mycolic acid specifically
Dry weight of mycolic acids in mycobacteria
~40%
Mycobacteria Gram stain
Do not stain
Acid fast staining
Ziehl-Neelsen
Why cant mycobacteria be stained by Gram
They are Acid fast bacilli
Acid fast meaning
Resistance to decolorization by acids during staining procedures
M Tuberculosis cases in UK
> 95%
M. africanum cases in UK
~1-2%
M bovis cases in UK
~1-2%
Seal Mycobacterium
M pinnipedii
Vole Mycobacteria
M microti
Goat mycobacteria
M caprae
How does extrapulmonary TB happen
Spread via blood
Where can extrapulmonary TB spread to
-Lymph nodes
-Meninges
-Bones
-Kidneys
-Eyes
Disseminated TB meaning
-Spread throughout the whole organ or body
-Not just one area - whole lung with spots
General symptoms of TB
-fever
-weight loss
-night sweats
-fatigue
Local symptoms of TB
-Cough >2 weeks
-Haemoptysis
What is Haemoptysis
Blood in sputum
Example of disseminated TB
Miliary TB
First line drugs for TB
-Isoniazid (H)
-Rifampicin(R)
-Pyrazinamide (Z)
-Ethambutol (E)
Other drug options for TB
-Fluoroquinolones
-MDR-TB: BPaLM
-Injectable aminoglycosides
