Mycobacterium tubercolosis

Question 1

Whicb bacteria causes TB?

Answer 1

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)

Question 2

How is TB spread?

Answer 2

Through inhalation

Question 3

What is special about the MTB cell wall

Answer 3

Lots of lipids

Question 4

What kind of immune response is induced by MTB?

Answer 4

A classical Th1 response with IFN-gamma, IL-2, macrophages

Question 5

What is the first stage of “TB”?

Answer 5

MTB infection or latent TB. Microbiological test will be negative, immunological test can be positive. No pathology

Question 6

What is the second stage of “TB”?

Answer 6

Tuberculosis. May or may not be infectious and have symptoms. Usually both microbiological and immunological tests are positive.

Question 7

What are the symptoms of TB?

Answer 7

Chronic cough (bloody), fever, night sweats, fatigue, lack of appetite, death

Question 8

What are some things we know about the spread of TB?

Answer 8

It spreads though aerosols; CFU in the aerosols can vary between 0- 100<, and it can spread over long ranges. We also know that some people are super spreaders and some dont spread it at all.

Question 9

How does infection happen?

Answer 9

MTB is disposed in the alveolar space in the lungs, macrophage there gets infected, move to tissue, fresh monocytes are recruited. A DC gets infected, go through lymph node, activate T-cells who relocate to infection

Question 10

What are the evasion strategies of MTB?

Answer 10

Inhibition of the phago-lysosomal fusion, inhibition of ROS, inhibition of antigen presentation

Question 11

Describe the TB granuloma

Answer 11

MTB and necrosed cells in the middle. Surrounded by macrophages (some infected). Surrounded by T-cells which are surrounded by fibroblast.