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state exam > mycology > Flashcards

mycology Flashcards

1
Q

thallus

A

body of the fungus

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2
Q

mycleium

A

mass of hyphae

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3
Q

types of hyphae

A

vegetative- grow on and into the surface of the media

aerial- grow up from surface, give rise to propagules

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4
Q

pseudohyphae

A

chains of elongated blastoconidia

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5
Q

true hyphae

A

produced by both yeast and molds

tube-like filaments with no constriction

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6
Q

yeasts

A

single celled fungus
polar budding
multilateral budding

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7
Q

dimorphic fungi

A

have both a yeast and mold form
mold at 25
yeast at 37
usually pathogens

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8
Q

sexual reproduction

A

plasmogamy- fusion of two compatible cells

karyogamy- fusion of compatible nuclei

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9
Q

heterothallic

A

compatible cells are on two different thalluses

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10
Q

homothallic

A

when compatible cells are on the same thallus

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11
Q

name that takes precedence

A

teleomorph

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12
Q

asexual reproduction

A 
increase of vegetative hyphae
propagules
sproangiospores- produced in sac-like structure
conidia- borne naked and non-motile
macroconidia and microconida
ASEXUAL PROPAGULES ARE NOT SPORES
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13
Q

Classes

A

chytridiomycetes
zygomycetes
basidiomycetes
deuteromycetes “fungi imperfecti”

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14
Q

zygomycetes

A

lower fungi
sporganium
produced sporangiospores

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15
Q

ascomycetes

A

ascocarp- complex fruiting body containing asci
asci- sac-like structure containing the sexual spore (ascospore)
ascocarp- perithhecium (septa) cleistothecium (closed)

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16
Q

basidiumycetes

A

produce basidio
mushrooms
simple teleomorphs
clamp conection

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17
Q

deuteromycetes

A

fungi imperfecti- no known sexual spores or stages
three subclasses-
blastomycetes, coelomycetes, hyphomycetes

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18
Q

conidiophore

A

hyphae that produce conidina

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19
Q

blastic conidiogenesis

A

budding/blowing out- septum laid after development

blastoconidia, phialoconidia, anneloconidia, poroconida, sympodioconidia

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20
Q

thallic conidiogenesis

A

fragmentation of septated fertile hyphae

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21
Q

blastoconidia

A

budding (yeasts)

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22
Q

phialidic

A

determinate (do not increase in length)

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23
Q

poroconidia

A

through a channel in the cell wall

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24
Q

sympodial

A

successive growth of the conidiogenous cell to one side of the base of the conidium (zigzag/geniculate)

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25
Q

synchronous

A

blastic (grow at same time)

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26
Q

thallic

A

fragmentiation of the septated fertile hyphae

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27
Q

holothallic

A

entire hyphal element converts to a single aseptate or multispetate conidia

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28
Q

thallic arthric

A

hyphae break up into individual cells called arthroconidia

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29
Q

catenulate

A

arrangement of conidia in chains

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30
Q

basipetal

A

youngest condia at the base

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31
Q

acropetal

A

youngest conidia are distal

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32
Q

most common antifungal

A

cyclohexamide

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33
Q

pathogenic fungi growth

A

grow on media containing cyclohexamide and chloramphenicol

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34
Q

sab

A

modified sabouraud dextrose agar

non-inhibitory

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35
Q

Inhibitory mold agar

A

basic fungal isolation medium (chloramphenicol)

36
Q

mycosel-

A

contains cyclohexamide
only pathgens will grow
some pathogen are inhibited

37
Q

birdseed agar

A

shows melanin production of Cryptococcus neoformans

38
Q

yeast extract-phosphate agar

A

contains ammonium hydroxide
highly selective for recovery of dimorphic fungi
one drop of concentrated ammonium hydroxide

39
Q

overly of long chain fatty acids

A

malassezia furfur

40
Q

bhi w/ 5-10% blood

A

fastidious dimorphic fungi

conversion from mold to yeast

41
Q

media to induce sporulation

A

potato flakes agar
lactrimel honey agar
tap water agar

42
Q

cutaneous lesions

A

edge of actively growing lesion

43
Q

tissue specimens

A

edge and center of lesion

44
Q

direct specimens

A

10% KOH, Calcofluor, India Ink

45
Q

yeasts

A

ubiquitous
opportunistic pathogens
may produce pseudohyphae or true hyphage

46
Q

chlamydospores

A

thick walled vesicles that neither germinate nor produce conidia
characteristic of c. albicans

47
Q

yeasts intro

A

physiologica characteristics are more important than morphology
use bcg or chrom to check for more than one yeast

48
Q

germ tube test

A

emulsify a light inoculum in 0.5 ml of FBS
incubate at 37 C for 2 hors
c. albican and c. dublineisis

49
Q

cornmeal tween/rice extract agar (Dalmau)

A

morphology agar
enhance development of chlamydospores and pseudohyphae
rice extract- chlamydospores
tween- enhance chalmydospores and pseudohyphae

50
Q

urea

A

prositive for Cryptococcus, rhodotorula and some trichosporon

51
Q

assimilation

A

no longer used, utilize specifc carbohydrate

52
Q

nitrate

A

no3 –> no2

53
Q

wickerham’s methoD

A

fermentation (anaerobic)

mak mcF 1.0, add 1 drop to each sugar, incubate at 30 C for 10-14 days

54
Q

ID of yeasts

A

wet mount to determine purity
chrom agar to rule out multiple yeasts
dalmau plate- pseudohyphae and chlamydospores

55
Q

c. albican vs. c. dubliniensis

A

c. albican + 6.5 % NaCl, growth at 42 C

56
Q

trichosporon vs. geotrichum

A

both are pseduhyphae +, arthroconidia +

trichoporon + growth at 37, Urea

57
Q

urea positive

A

Cryptococcus, rhodotorula

Cryptococcus- assimilate inositol, melanin on birdseed

58
Q

candida

A

normal mucocutaneous flora, lesion of skin, mouth, gi tract, genitalss and lungs

59
Q

candidiasis serology

A

la- test for antibody
id- systemic disease diagnosis
cf- not helpful unless there is systemic involvement
eia- invasive candidiasis

60
Q

cyroptococcus

A

feces excreted by birds
infection starts in lungs goes to meninges and brain
all Cryptococcus - urea+, assimilation +, fermentation -

61
Q

Cryptococcus serology

A

ifa- detect early or localized
eia- antigen test
la- csf and sera >1:8 are presumptive positive

62
Q

trichosporon

A

white piedra

skin disease

63
Q

malassezia

A

lipophilic

tinea versicolor

64
Q

tinea versicolor

A

malassezia furfur,

hypopigmented or hyperpigmented patche on neck, torso and limbs

65
Q

tinea nigra

A

phaeoannelomyces werneckiii
found in tropics
darkbrown/black patches

66
Q

black piedra

A

piedraia hortae

hard dark brown nodules on hair

67
Q

white piedra

A

trichopsoron beigelii

white soft nodules on hair shafts of face, axilla, or genital area

68
Q

genera of dermatophytes

A

trichophyton (sex. arthroderma)
microsporum (nannizia)
epidermophyton (no sexual)

69
Q

host preference

A

anthropophilic- infects humans
zoophilic- pathogenesis of lower animals
geophilic- soil inhabiting

70
Q

tinea corporis

A

face and trunk

71
Q

tinea cruris

A

groin

72
Q

tinea pedia

A

feet

73
Q

tinea unguium

A

nails

74
Q

tinea capitis

A

scalp, eyebrow, eyelashes

75
Q

hair invasion

A

ectothrix- arthroconidia on surface of hair
endothrix- arthroconidia fill inside of hair shaft
favic- hyphal elemenets, air bubbles, air tunnels, and fat droplets seen inside hari

76
Q

trichophyton

A

predominant microcoidia, rare macro

skin, hair, nails

77
Q

trichophyton tonsurans

A

stimulated by thiamine

anthropophilic- tinea capitas

78
Q

trichophyton rubrum-

A

hair perf- neg, urea, neg, pigment on cmd

anthropophilic- tinea pedia, tinea corporis, tinea unguium

79
Q

trichophyton mentagrophytes

A

hair perf- pos, urea- pos, growth at 37

80
Q

trichophyton verrucosum

A

needs thiamine or inositol, grows better at 37

81
Q

microsporum

A

predominant macroconida, fewer micro

82
Q

microsporum audouinii

A

grows porrly on polished rice

83
Q

microsporum canis

A

grows and sporulates on posished rice grains, hair per neg

84
Q

micrsporum gypseum

A

no special test

85
Q

microsporum nanum

A

hair perf pos, urea pos

86
Q

epidermophyton

A 
no micro, only macro
2 species (floccosum)

state exam (9 decks)

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