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mycology Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

thallus

A

body of the fungus

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2
Q

mycleium

A

mass of hyphae

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3
Q

types of hyphae

A

vegetative- grow on and into the surface of the media

aerial- grow up from surface, give rise to propagules

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4
Q

pseudohyphae

A

chains of elongated blastoconidia

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5
Q

true hyphae

A

produced by both yeast and molds

tube-like filaments with no constriction

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6
Q

yeasts

A

single celled fungus
polar budding
multilateral budding

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7
Q

dimorphic fungi

A

have both a yeast and mold form
mold at 25
yeast at 37
usually pathogens

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8
Q

sexual reproduction

A

plasmogamy- fusion of two compatible cells

karyogamy- fusion of compatible nuclei

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9
Q

heterothallic

A

compatible cells are on two different thalluses

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10
Q

homothallic

A

when compatible cells are on the same thallus

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11
Q

name that takes precedence

A

teleomorph

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12
Q

asexual reproduction

A 
increase of vegetative hyphae
propagules
sproangiospores- produced in sac-like structure
conidia- borne naked and non-motile
macroconidia and microconida
ASEXUAL PROPAGULES ARE NOT SPORES
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13
Q

Classes

A

chytridiomycetes
zygomycetes
basidiomycetes
deuteromycetes “fungi imperfecti”

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14
Q

zygomycetes

A

lower fungi
sporganium
produced sporangiospores

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15
Q

ascomycetes

A

ascocarp- complex fruiting body containing asci
asci- sac-like structure containing the sexual spore (ascospore)
ascocarp- perithhecium (septa) cleistothecium (closed)

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16
Q

basidiumycetes

A

produce basidio
mushrooms
simple teleomorphs
clamp conection

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17
Q

deuteromycetes

A

fungi imperfecti- no known sexual spores or stages
three subclasses-
blastomycetes, coelomycetes, hyphomycetes

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18
Q

conidiophore

A

hyphae that produce conidina

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19
Q

blastic conidiogenesis

A

budding/blowing out- septum laid after development

blastoconidia, phialoconidia, anneloconidia, poroconida, sympodioconidia

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20
Q

thallic conidiogenesis

A

fragmentation of septated fertile hyphae

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21
Q

blastoconidia

A

budding (yeasts)

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22
Q

phialidic

A

determinate (do not increase in length)

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23
Q

poroconidia

A

through a channel in the cell wall

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24
Q

sympodial

A

successive growth of the conidiogenous cell to one side of the base of the conidium (zigzag/geniculate)

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25
synchronous
blastic (grow at same time)
26
thallic
fragmentiation of the septated fertile hyphae
27
holothallic
entire hyphal element converts to a single aseptate or multispetate conidia
28
thallic arthric
hyphae break up into individual cells called arthroconidia
29
catenulate
arrangement of conidia in chains
30
basipetal
youngest condia at the base
31
acropetal
youngest conidia are distal
32
most common antifungal
cyclohexamide
33
pathogenic fungi growth
grow on media containing cyclohexamide and chloramphenicol
34
sab
modified sabouraud dextrose agar | non-inhibitory
35
Inhibitory mold agar
basic fungal isolation medium (chloramphenicol)
36
mycosel-
contains cyclohexamide only pathgens will grow some pathogen are inhibited
37
birdseed agar
shows melanin production of Cryptococcus neoformans
38
yeast extract-phosphate agar
contains ammonium hydroxide highly selective for recovery of dimorphic fungi one drop of concentrated ammonium hydroxide
39
overly of long chain fatty acids
malassezia furfur
40
bhi w/ 5-10% blood
fastidious dimorphic fungi | conversion from mold to yeast
41
media to induce sporulation
potato flakes agar lactrimel honey agar tap water agar
42
cutaneous lesions
edge of actively growing lesion
43
tissue specimens
edge and center of lesion
44
direct specimens
10% KOH, Calcofluor, India Ink
45
yeasts
ubiquitous opportunistic pathogens may produce pseudohyphae or true hyphage
46
chlamydospores
thick walled vesicles that neither germinate nor produce conidia characteristic of c. albicans
47
yeasts intro
physiologica characteristics are more important than morphology use bcg or chrom to check for more than one yeast
48
germ tube test
emulsify a light inoculum in 0.5 ml of FBS incubate at 37 C for 2 hors c. albican and c. dublineisis
49
cornmeal tween/rice extract agar (Dalmau)
morphology agar enhance development of chlamydospores and pseudohyphae rice extract- chlamydospores tween- enhance chalmydospores and pseudohyphae
50
urea
prositive for Cryptococcus, rhodotorula and some trichosporon
51
assimilation
no longer used, utilize specifc carbohydrate
52
nitrate
no3 --> no2
53
wickerham's methoD
fermentation (anaerobic) | mak mcF 1.0, add 1 drop to each sugar, incubate at 30 C for 10-14 days
54
ID of yeasts
wet mount to determine purity chrom agar to rule out multiple yeasts dalmau plate- pseudohyphae and chlamydospores
55
c. albican vs. c. dubliniensis
c. albican + 6.5 % NaCl, growth at 42 C
56
trichosporon vs. geotrichum
both are pseduhyphae +, arthroconidia + | trichoporon + growth at 37, Urea
57
urea positive
Cryptococcus, rhodotorula | Cryptococcus- assimilate inositol, melanin on birdseed
58
candida
normal mucocutaneous flora, lesion of skin, mouth, gi tract, genitalss and lungs
59
candidiasis serology
la- test for antibody id- systemic disease diagnosis cf- not helpful unless there is systemic involvement eia- invasive candidiasis
60
cyroptococcus
feces excreted by birds infection starts in lungs goes to meninges and brain all Cryptococcus - urea+, assimilation +, fermentation -
61
Cryptococcus serology
ifa- detect early or localized eia- antigen test la- csf and sera >1:8 are presumptive positive
62
trichosporon
white piedra | skin disease
63
malassezia
lipophilic | tinea versicolor
64
tinea versicolor
malassezia furfur, | hypopigmented or hyperpigmented patche on neck, torso and limbs
65
tinea nigra
phaeoannelomyces werneckiii found in tropics darkbrown/black patches
66
black piedra
piedraia hortae | hard dark brown nodules on hair
67
white piedra
trichopsoron beigelii | white soft nodules on hair shafts of face, axilla, or genital area
68
genera of dermatophytes
trichophyton (sex. arthroderma) microsporum (nannizia) epidermophyton (no sexual)
69
host preference
anthropophilic- infects humans zoophilic- pathogenesis of lower animals geophilic- soil inhabiting
70
tinea corporis
face and trunk
71
tinea cruris
groin
72
tinea pedia
feet
73
tinea unguium
nails
74
tinea capitis
scalp, eyebrow, eyelashes
75
hair invasion
ectothrix- arthroconidia on surface of hair endothrix- arthroconidia fill inside of hair shaft favic- hyphal elemenets, air bubbles, air tunnels, and fat droplets seen inside hari
76
trichophyton
predominant microcoidia, rare macro | skin, hair, nails
77
trichophyton tonsurans
stimulated by thiamine | anthropophilic- tinea capitas
78
trichophyton rubrum-
hair perf- neg, urea, neg, pigment on cmd | anthropophilic- tinea pedia, tinea corporis, tinea unguium
79
trichophyton mentagrophytes
hair perf- pos, urea- pos, growth at 37
80
trichophyton verrucosum
needs thiamine or inositol, grows better at 37
81
microsporum
predominant macroconida, fewer micro
82
microsporum audouinii
grows porrly on polished rice
83
microsporum canis
grows and sporulates on posished rice grains, hair per neg
84
micrsporum gypseum
no special test
85
microsporum nanum
hair perf pos, urea pos
86
epidermophyton
``` no micro, only macro 2 species (floccosum) ```

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