Mycology Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
Also known as An-An
It is the discoloration, depigmentation and scaling of the skin and apparent in person with dark complex
A
Pityriasis versicolor / Tineaversicolor
2
Q
Pityriasis versicolor / Tineaversicolor causative agent
A
Malassezia furfur
3
Q
Presence of “ Bowling Pin “ Appearance with collarette in culture media.
A
Pityriasis versicolor / Tineaversicolor
4
Q
It is a dark brown to black painless patches on the soles of the feet and palms of the hand
Sometimes confused to malignant melanoma
A
Tinea nigra
5
Q
Tinea nigra causative agent
A
Exophiala werneckii or Phaeoannellomyces werneckii
6
Q
Culture: Shiny, moist yeastlike colonies that start with brownish discoloration and eventually turns to olive to greenish black.
A
. Tinea nigra
7
Q
Affects beard and mustache hair shaft
A
White Piedra
8
Q
White Piedra causative agent
A
- Trichosporon beigelii
9
Q
Culture: colonies are white or yellowish to deep cream colored, smooth, wrinkled, velvety and dull in appearance with a mycelial fringe
A
White Piedra
10
Q
Affects only the cornified layers of epidermis (stratum corneum)
A
Superficial Mycoses
11
Q
Affect the hair’s hair shaf
A
Black Piedra
12
Q
Black Piedra causative agent
A
- Piedra hortae
13
Q
Microscopic: thick walled rhomboid cells containing ascospores
A
Black Piedra
14
Q
Affect the keratinized tissue of the skin, hair and nails
Also known as Ringworm
A
Cutaneous Mycoses/ Dermatophytes
15
Q
Also known as “BUNI”
Pruritic
A
Tinea corporis
16
Q
Also known as “HADHAD”
Red patched on the groin and scrotum
A
Tinea cruris
17
Q
Also known as ALIPUNGA or Athlete’s Foot
Cracking and peeling of skin that begins in the between of the toes
A
Tinea pedis
18
Q
Hand and Finger
A
Tinea manum
19
Q
Causative Agents of
Infection of Skin
A
- Trichophyton rubrum
- Epidermophyton floccosum
- Trichophyton mentagrophytes
20
Q
Also known as Onchomycosis
A
Tinea unguium
21
Q
Tinea unguium caused by
A
Caused by T. mentagrophytes, T.rubrum and E. floccosum
22
Q
Infection of the Hair
A
- Tinea barbae
- Tinea capitis
- Microsporum canis
- Trichophyton verrucosum
- Trichophyton tonsurans
23
Q
Involves subcutaneous muscle and tissues
A
Subcutaneous mycoses
24
Q
Rose Gardener’s Disease/ Rose handler’s disease
A
Sporotrichosis
25
Sporotrichosis causative agent
Sporothrix schenckii
26
Caused by variety of copper colored soil saprophytes which are non-healing tumor like lesions resembling cauliflower
Chromoblastomycosis
27
Also known as “Copper pennies”
Chromoblastomycosis
28
Causative Agents of Chromoblastomycosis
1. Phialophora verrucosa
2. Cladosporium carrionii
3. Fonsecaea pedroso
29
Maduromycosis Causative Agent
Pseudoallesheria boydii
30
rare infection by dermaticeous saprobes invading organs like skin, lungs and brain of immunosuppressed host
Phaeohyphomycosis
31
Phaeohyphomycosis causative agent
Exophiala jeanselmei
32
Caused by Dimorphic Fungi
Acquired through inhalation
Localized lung infection and bloodstream infection
Systemic Mycoses/ Deep Mycoses
33
Blastomycosis also known as
Gilchrist Disease / North American Blastomycosis/ Chicago disease
34
higher incidence to middle aged man due to recreational exposure to soil
Blastomycosis / Gilchrist Disease / North American Blastomycosis/ Chicago disease
35
Filipinos and Blacks run the highest risk of dissemination
High incidence in male than female (9:1) except for pregnant women
causes San Joaquin Valley fever
Coccidiodes immitis
36
Darling’s disease/ Central Mississippi Valley Fever and Ohio Valley Fever
Histoplasma capsulatum
37
South American Blastomycosis/ Brazillian blastomycosis
Paracoccidiodes braziliensis
38
Most common cause of systemic infection in immunocompromised host in endemic region of southeast Asia Green or Blue Green Colonies Branching or Penicillus head
Penicillium marneffei
39
Develops among immunocompromised host
Opportunistic Mycoses
40
Disease is known as Torulosis European Blastomycosis
Meningitis and Pulmonary Disease
Capsule is demonstrated by india ink
Cryptococcus neoformans
41
Most common cause of fungal diseases worldwide
Can cause disease to any site
Thrush – oral infection on immunosuppressed host
Normal biota of the skin
Candida albicans
42
Seen in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
Mucor
43
Pulmonary disease
| Eschar biopsy for specimen
Aspergillus
44
Aspergillus
| = presence of black pepper effect on culture media
niger
45
Aspergillus
| most common cause of pulmonary aspergillosis
fumigatus
46
Aspergillus
| yellow colony
flavus
47
Aspergillus
| = brown colony
terreus
48
Contaminant but considered as an opportunistic pathogen
| Pink to Coral colored colonies
Rhodotorulla
49
Usually a contaminant but are sometimes seen as cause of mycotic eye, nail or skin infection in debilitated patient
Presence of multiseptate macroconidia appearing as sickles or canoe
Fusarium
50
Classified as : Fungi ; Formerly ; Parasite
Gomori methenamine silver is stain of choice for cyst but not trophozoite
It shows cup shaped cyst and cannot be cultured
Associated with pneumonia that is resistant to antibiotic
Pneumocystis carinii
51
A yeast characterized by a thick polysaccharide capsule
• Found in nature especially in pigeon droppings
• Causes Cryptococcosis
• Key to diagnosis is doing a lumbar puncture & analyzing CSF ( india ink stain) ; cryptococcal antigen test ; culture will confirm diagnosis
CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS
52
The only yeast that produces germ tube when incubated with sterile serum for 1-3 hours at 35-37degC
CANDIDA ALBICANS
53
a normal flora of the GIT and mucocutaneous areas
• In direct microscopic examination , it appears as budding yeast with blastoconidia or pseudohyphae with no signs of constriction
• Gram Positive
• Grows readily on BAP and SDA ; colonies on EMB are with spiderlike projections
CANDIDA ALBICANS
54
Causes Oral thrush, vaginitis and diaper rash in normal hosts
• In immunocompromised patients it can cause esophagitis and disseminated infection
• Diagnosis is made with KOH preparation of skin scrapings or with stains and cultures of biopsied tissue or blood
CANDIDA ALBICANS
55
• found on decaying vegetation and in the soil
•Common laboratory contaminants
•Causes zygomycosis – acquired through inhalation of spores
•Should be suspected if branching, ribbon like, non-septate
hyphae are observed on direct microscopic
ZYGOMYCETES
56
•Grows as fluffy white to gray molds with brown hyphae that can
cover agar surface in 1-4 days. Coarse hyphae with brown or
black spores are observed microscopically
•Includes the genera Rhizopus, Mucor and Absidia
ZYGOMYCETES
57
A common laboratory contaminant, found in soil and on decaying
vegetation and may colonize grains, leaves or plants
• Causes aspergillosis, acquired through inhalation of the conidia in dust or through direct, cutaneous inoculation
ASPERGILLUS
58
dimorphic fungi; H –flowerette Y-budding cigar shaped
- an occupational hazard for gardeners
- begins with a subcutaneous nodule which later on
becomes necrotic and ulcerates. The ulcer heals ,but new nodules pop up nearby and along the lymphatic tracts up the arm
- caused by Sporothrix schenckii
SPOROTRICHOSIS
59
flask shaped phiallides w/collarette; blastoconidia
a subcutaneous infection caused by a variety of copper colored
soil saprophytes-sclerotic bodies
CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS
60
Initially a small, violet wart like lesion develops. Over months to years additional violet colored wartlike lesions arise nearby. Clusters of these lesions resemble “cauliflower”.
- Skin scrapings with KOH reveals coppered colored
sclerotic bodies
CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS
61
chronic granulomatous infection of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue and bone characterized by tumor like deformities of the subcutaneous tissue with abscesses, draining sinuses and granulomatous pus - Pseudoallescheria boydii
MYCETOMA
62
- Exophiala jeansemi
PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS-
63
• Acquired by inhalation of spores
• Never transmitted from person to person
• Once spores are inhaled. Localized lung infection
develops followed by bloodstream dissemination
PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS
64
* Bronchoscopic biopsy of lung lesions, skin biopsy
* Tissue can be examined with silver stain for yeast
* Tissue can be grown on SDA
* Serologic tests ( Complement fixation, Latex agglutination
PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS
65
Penicilliosis causative agent
Penicillium marneffei
66
The appearance is said to be like "spaghetti and meatballs“ hyphae filaments.
Malassezia furfur
67
difficult to grow in the laboratory so scrapings may be reported
as "culture negative". The yeast grows best if a lipid such as olive oil is added to Littman agar culture medium.
Malassezia furfur
68
is a dematiaceous fungus that produces yeast-like cells that may be one- or twocelled. microscopically appears as dark, 1-2 celled blastoconidia
• Conidia produced by this organism are produced by annellophores, which bear successive rings (annellides)
Hortaea werneckii
69
Are difficult to see microscopically. The biophysical profile is used to differentiate this fungus from other Exophiala species.
Usually does not sporulate on routine mycologic media but
demonstrates only highly septate dematiaceous hyphae and swollen intercalary cells. Macroscopically they are slow growing, small, folded, velvety and dark brown to black in color. They may remain glabrous or covered with short aerial hyphae.
Piedra hortae
70
infect only the skin, hair, or nails, secrete extracellular enzymes that likely aid in the colonization of keratinous tissues. These extracellular enzymes associated with virulence include keratinase, elastase, and lipase.
DERMATOPHYTES
71
Site affected in Tinea capitis, Tinea favosa
Head
72
Site affected in Tinea barbae
Beard
73
Site affected in Tinea corporis, Tinea imbricate
Body
74
Site affected in Tinea manuum
Hand
75
Site affected in Tinea unguium
Nails
76
Site affected in Tinea cruris
Groin
77
Site affected in Tinea pedis
Feet
78
Site affected in Tinea pedis
Feet
79
Tinea corporis caused by
Trichophyton rubrum
80
following invasion of the horny layer of the skin, the fungi spread, forming a ring shape with a red, raised border. The expanding raised red border represents areas of active inflammation with a healing center
Tinea corporis
81
Tinea cruris caused by
Epidermophyton floccosum
82
patient develops itchy red patches on the groin and scrotum
Tinea cruris
83
Tinea pedis caused by
T. mentagrophytes
T. rubrum
E. floccosum
84
commonly begins between the toes, causes cracking & peeling of the skin
Tinea pedis
85
Tinea capitis caused by
Microsporum canis
86
characterized by scaly red lesions with loss of hair
Tinea capitis
87
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Childhood disease (easily spread) colonizes outer portion of hair shafts
(ECTOTRIX hair involvement)
Lesions are seldom inflamed but luster & color may be lost
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GRAY PATCH RINGWORM
88
GRAY PATCH RINGWORM caused by
Microsporum audouinii
| Microsporum ferrugineum
89
ENDOTRIX hair involvement (hair follicle is the initial site hair sharft weakened, brittle hair black dot stubs)
BLACK DOT RINGWORM
90
BLACK DOT RINGWORM caused by
Trichophyton tonsurans
| Trychophyton violaceum
91
Infection of the hair follicle progressing to a crusty lesion made up of dead epithelial cells & fungal mycelia SCUTULA (crusty, cup-shaped flakes) are formed
Consequences: Hair loss and scar tissue
TINEA FAVOSA/ FAVUS
92
TINEA FAVOSA/ FAVUS caused by
Trichophyton schoenleinii
93
slow-growing organism that produces a flat or heaped-up colony that is generally white-reddish with a cottony or velvety surface.
Trichophyton rubrum
94
produces 2 distinct colonial forms: (a) downy variety recovered form patients with tinea pedis and (b) the granular variety recovered from lesions acquired by contact with animals
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
95
Rapidly growing colonies may appear as white, cottony, or downy colonies to creamcolored or yellow colonies that are coarsely granular to powdery
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
96
infection typically begins at the edge of the nail. nails are thickened, discolored and brittle
Tinea unguium
97
Tinea unguium caused by
T. mentagrophytes
98
Those under SYSTEMIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immits
99
In MYCELIAL PHASE, this septate hyphae has round or pyriform conidia borne singly on conidiophores or directly on hyphae, resembling lollipops
B. dermatitidis
100
In yeast phase it has thick walled, large yeast cells with single bud on a broad base
B. dermatitidis
101
In mycelial phase, it is coarse, septate, branched hyphae that produce thick walled barrel shaped , rectangular arthroconidia that alternate with empty disjuncture cells
C. immitis
102
In yeast phase, it has large, round, thick walled spherules with endospores observed in tissue and direct examination
C. immitis
103
In MYCELIAL PHASE Septate hyphae with round piriform microconidia on short branches or directly on hyphal stalk; later large round, thick walled knobby tuberculate macroconidia forms
H. capsulatum
104
In yeast phase, Small budding, round to oval yeast cells; intra cellular to mononuclear cells, possible with Giemsa or Wright’s stain
H. capsulatum
105
Yeast- with multiple buds resembling a mariner’s wheel
| Mycelia-with terminal chlamydoconidia
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
106
Causes penicilliosis
• On direct examination, appears as oval yeast cells ( resembling
Histoplasma ) within histiocytes
• Grows as a Penicillium mold at 25 degC as bluish green, powdery,
velvety colonies
• Mycelial phase is observed as septate hyphae with brushlike
conidiophores
Penicillium marneffei
