Mycology Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
The study of fungi; its genetics, biochemical properties, and taxonomy
A
Mycology
2
Q
First saw the fungal spores
A
1588 - Giambatista Della Fort
3
Q
The development of Mycology
Saw spores and induce growth into fungi
A
Pierre Antonio Michelis
4
Q
Century when the ability of fungi to invade animals and plants were discovered
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19th century
5
Q
1st documented animal infection
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Bassi
6
Q
The fungi of the 1st documented animal infection
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Beauveria bassiana
7
Q
Created the specie Plantarum
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1750’s - Carl Linnaeus
8
Q
Established taxonomy of mushroom and the father of Mycology
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1761-1836 - Hendrik Persoon
9
Q
Development of Mycology in the 20th century
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Antibiotics
10
Q
Kingdom
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Fungi
11
Q
Nutritional type; requiring organic compounds for energy and carbon
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Chemoheterothrophs
12
Q
Multicellularity
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All except yeast
13
Q
Cellular arrangement
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Unicellular
Filamentous
Fleshy
14
Q
Reproductive feature
A
Sexual
Asexual
15
Q
Food Acquisition
A
Absorptive (Saprophytic)
16
Q
obtaining food by absorbing dissolved organic material
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Saprophytic
17
Q
Fungi does not produce _________ for food
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Chlorophyll
18
Q
Oxygen requirement
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Aerobic
Facultative
Rarely anaerobic
19
Q
Components of the cell membranes
A
Glucan
Mannan
Chitin
20
Q
Where are sterols found in fungi
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Cell membranes
21
Q
Fungi benefits
A
Produces food and drugs
Have symbiotic relationship with other plants
Helps farming ants to digest
22
Q
fungi that have a symbiotic relationship with the roots of many plants
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Mycorrhizae
23
Q
Means the catabolism and growth
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Vegetative structure
24
Q
Parts of Molds and Fleshy Fungi
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Thallus
Hyphae
Mycelium
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AKA the body; consist of long filaments
Thallus
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The long filaments in thallus
Hyphae
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internal walls that usually have little pores that are large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria and sometimes nuclei to flow among cells
Septa
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Hyphae that are divided into cells are called
Septatehyphae
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They are one long cell that is not divided into compartments
Coenocytic hyphae
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Hyphae for nutrients
Vegetative hyphae
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Hyphae for reproduction
Aerial hyphae
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a network of fungal threads or hyphae that is visible to the unaided eye
Mycelium
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Unicellular ascomycetes, non-filamentous fungi that are powder-like and typically spherical or oval-like molds
Yeast
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saccharomyces forms protuberance the other surface and divides unevenly
Budding yeast
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1 parent cell of yeast can produce _______ daughter cells
24
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divides evenly to produce 2 offsprings
Fission yeast
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Another name for Fission yeast
Schizosaccharomyces
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The increase of yeast cells in fission yeast produces a colony similar to _______
Bacteria
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Yeast metabolic classification
Facultative
Anaerobic
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Yeast with oxygen
Performs aerobic respiration to metabolize CHO to carbohydrates
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Yeast without oxygen
Ferments CHO to Ethyl Alcohol
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CHO components
CO2 and H2O
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The most pathogenic classification
Dimorphic fungi
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Factors affecting dimorphic fungi
Temperature
CO2
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Dimorphic Temperature yeast like
37 celsius
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Dimorphic Temperature mold like
25 celsius
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CO2 ________ _________ causes change in appearance of fungi
Concentration change
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Asexual cycle where spore-producing branches break into fragments and releases spores for germination
For filamentous Fungi
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These are called reproductive spores
Fungi spores
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Sterols present in fungi
ergosterol
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Chitin is also found in
Crustaceans shells
Clams
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Synthesis of ergosterol
Squalene -> Lanosterol -> Ergosterol
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Squalene -> Lanosterol enzyme
squalene epoxidase
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Lanosterol -> Ergosterol enzyme
14α-demethylase
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Formed from aerial hyphae
Spores
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Reproduction produced by individual fungus and by mitosis and cell division
Asexual
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2 types of Asexual spores
Conidiospores
Sporangiospore
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These are asexual spores not enclosed in a sac
Conidiospores
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2 types of Conidiospores
Arthroconidia
Blastoconidia
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Reproduce by fragmentation
Arthroconidia
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Arthroconidia example
Coccidioides immitis
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Reproduce by forming buds
Blastoconidia
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Blastoconidia examples
Candida albicans
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Reproduce by forming with sac
Sporangiospore
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Sporangiospore example
Rhizopus fungi
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Another term for sac
Sporangium
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fusion of the cytoplasm of two or more cells as distinguished from fusion of nuclei
plasmogamy
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last phase in the process of fusing two haploid eukaryotic cells together during fertilization, and it refers to the fusion of two nuclei in particular.
Karyogamy
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restores the haploid number of chromosomes and initiates the haploid phase, which produces the gametes
Meiosis
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AKA sac fungi
Sac containing asexual spores
Ascomycota
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Ascomycota examples
Morels and truffles
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Club-like structure containing asexual spores
Basidiomycota
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Basidiomycota examples
Toadstool
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Basidium produces what kind of spores
Basidiospores
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AKA zygote fungi/zygomycetes
Form a thick-walled spore
Grows on meat, cheese, and bread
Lives in dark, moist, and warm environment
Zygomycota
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Zygomycota Example
Rhizopus Stolonifera
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AKA Mitosporic and Fungi Imperfecti
Group without asexual spores
Deuteromycota
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Deuteromycota examples
Penicillin notatum
Penicillin chrysogenum
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Zygomycota spore
Zygospores
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Known as brewer's yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Unusual eukaryote, lack mitochondria,
Clinical diseases are chronic diarrhea and keratoconjunctivitis
Microsporidia
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4 medically important phylla of fungi
Ascomycota
Basiomycota
Zygomycota
Deuteromycota
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General term for fungal infection
Mycoses
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4 types of mycoses
Superficial
Cutaneous
Subscutaneous
Systemic/deep
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fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nail
Superficial mycoses
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fungal infections beneath the skin
subcutaneous mycoses
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aka dermatophytes
Cutaneous mycoses
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Dermatophytes causes
Dermatomycosis
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Fungal infection that affects full body system
Systemic mycoses
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Allergic reaction
Hypersensitivity
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Allergic reaction produces _________ which is cell mediated immunoresponse
Granuloma
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Ingestion of food contaminated with fungal toxin
Mycotoxicosis
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Amanita mushroom produces
Amanitin and phalloidin
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This is coumarin derivative
Aflotoxin
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CAuses liver toxicity
Aspergillus flavus
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Ingestion of poisonous fungi
Mycestismus
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Superficial Mycoses
Black Piedra
White Piedra
Tinea Versicolor
Tinea Nigra
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Cutaneous Mycoses identification
KOH Mount
Wood's lamp
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Mucocutaneous Mycoses Clinical diseases
Candidiasis
Oral thrush
Vaginitis
Diaper rash
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AKA Rose Gardener's Disease
Sporotrichosis
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Sporotrichosis fungi
Sporothrix shenckii
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Subcutaneous mycoses
Chromoblastomycosis
Mycetoma
Sporotrichosis
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Respiratory disease but may spread to the skin, bones, and brains
Coccidioidomycosis
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Coccidioidomycosis fungi
Coccidioides immitis
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Respiratory disease from decaying wood
Blastomycosis
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Blastomycosis fungi
Blastomyces dermatitidis
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Enlargement of lymph nodes, lesion in the lungs
Paracoccidioidomycosis
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Paracoccidioidomycosis fungi
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
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TB like disease from bird and bat dropping
Histoplasmosis
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Histoplasmosis fungi
Histoplasma capsulatum
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Respiratory disease but may spread to the skin, bones, and brains
Coccidioidomycosis
112
Opportunistic Pathogens
Candida albicans
Cryptococcus neoformans
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus fumigatus
Pneumocystis jiroveci
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most common opportunistic fungal infection
acquired through inhalation and IV catheters
Candidiasis
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Candidiasis fungi
Candida albicans
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Acquired by inhalation of dried plasma dropping and common among patients with aids
Cryptococcosis
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asthma-like condition
Aspergillosis
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leading cause of death for AIDS pateints
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia
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Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia Fungi
Pneumocystis jiroveci
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Aspergillosis fungi
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus fumigatus
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Cryptococcosis fungi
Cryptococcus neoformans
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Anti fungal based on structures
Polyenes
Allylamines
Azoles
Griseofulvin
Flucytosine
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Directly binds to ergosterols
Polyenes
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Inhibits squalene epoxidase synthesis
Allylamines
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Allylamines DX
Naftitine
Terbinafine
Tolnaftate
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Polyenes Dx
Amphotericin B
Nystatin
Natamycin
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Inhibits ergosterol synthesis, enzyme 14-a demethylase, CYP 450
Azoles
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Azoles Dx
Ketoconazole
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Soucre for Amphotericin B
Streptomyces nodosus
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Amphotericin B Dx of choice for
Systemic mycoses
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Nystatin source
Streptomyces noursei
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Nystatin Dx of choice for
Candidiasis
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Natamycin source
Streptomyces natalnensis
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Natamycin Dx of choice for
fungal conjunctivitis
mucocutaneous candidiasis
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Uses mitotic spindle poison
Griseofulvin
134
Griseofulvin source
Penicillium griseofulvum
135
Griseofulvum Dx of choice for
Ringworm infection
136
Inhibits fungal DNA and RNA synthesis
Converted to 5FU
Flucytosine
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Griseofulvin must be taken with a ______
fatty
138
Used to treat seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, and pityriasis versicolor
Selenium Sulfide
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For cutaneous and lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis
KISS
Potassium Iodid Saturated Solution
140
Given with azoles to decrease its toxicity
Amphotericin B
141
Best alternative to Amphotericin B for systemic mycoses
Fluconazole
142
Fluconazole Dx of choice for
Cryptococcosis
143
Amphotericin B duration of therapy
2 to 3 months
144
Amphotericin B Adverse Dx Reaction
Reversible Azotemia
145
amphotericin B form that has less Adverse Dx Reaction
Lipid
