Protozoans

Question 1

that branch of medical sciences that deals with parasites that cause or transmit disease to man.

Answer 1

Medical Parasitology:

Question 2

organisms that live in or on a host deriving food and shelter and causing harm to that host.

Answer 2

Parasites:

Question 3

“Any two organisms living in close association, commonly one living in or on the body of the other,

Answer 3

Symbiosis

Question 4

One partner benefits but the other is not hurt.

Answer 4

Commensalism:

Question 5

Both partners benefit.

Answer 5

Mutualism:

Question 6

One partner harms or lives on the expense of the other

Answer 6

Parasitism:

Question 7

live within the host causing infection.

Answer 7

Endoparasites:

Question 8

live on the external surface of the host causing infestation.

Answer 8

Ectoparasites:

Question 9

only visits the host to get its meal.

Answer 9

Temporary parasite:

Question 10

always fixed to the host.

Answer 10

Permanent parasite:

Question 11

produces disease only in immunodeficient hosts.

Answer 11

Opportunistic parasite:

Question 12

When an organism can live free or establishes a parasitic existence depending on a host.

Answer 12

Facultative Parasitism

Question 13

When an organism establishes a permanent parasitic existence and is completely dependent on the host.

Answer 13

Obligatory parasitism:

Question 14

occasionally an organism parasitizes a species other than its usual host.

Answer 14

Accidental or incidental parasitism:

Question 15

They infect host where they cannot live or develop further.

Answer 15

Abberant or wandering parasite:

Question 16

in which the adult or sexually reproducing form of the parasite lives.

Answer 16

Definitive host

Question 17

in which the parasite lives during its larval stage or asexually reproducing form.

Answer 17

Intermediate host:

Question 18

an animal harboring the same stage of the parasite like in human and represent a potential source of infection to man.

Answer 18

Reservoir host:

Question 19

“usually an arthropod”: transmits parasites from infected organisms to other hosts.

Answer 19

Vector

Question 20

Habitat

Answer 20

Small intestine
Large intestine
Blood vessels
Organs; liver, lung, heart, brain,
Muscles
Lymphatics
Reticuloendothelial system
Cells as red blood cells

Question 21

Transmission Source

Answer 21

Water
Soil
Raw vegetables & fruits
Animals
Fish
Vector [Arthropods]
Blood

Question 22

Transmission Mode of infection

Answer 22

Ingestion (Oro-fecal)
Inhalation
Penetration of skin & mucous membrane
Bite of vector (vertical transmission)
Direct contact
Congenital transmission
Blood transfusion
Sexual
Trans-mamary

Question 23

Parasitic toxic products:

Answer 23

produce allergy or necrosis.

Question 24

Anaemia:

Answer 24

Malarial parasite & Ancylostoma.

Question 25

Mechanical obstruction:

Answer 25

Ascaris.

Question 26

Mechanical pressure:

Answer 26

Hydatid cyst.

Question 27

Abortion or Congenital anomalies:

Answer 27

T. gondii.

Question 28

PROTOZOANS TRANSMISSION:

Answer 28

mostly from one host to another within

Question 29

PROTOZOANS PATHOGENESIS:

Answer 29

Attachment to host followed by replication Shifting of antigen expression to evade immune response of host defences.

Question 30

PROTOZOANS Antiprotozoal Agents:

Answer 30

Agents target the Nucleic Acid synthesis protein Synthesis or specific metabolic pathway unique to the protozoan parasites:

Question 31

Entamoeba histolytica stage

Answer 31

Trophozoites Cyst

Question 32

Entamoeba histolytica -Lab diagnosis:

Answer 32

stool for cyst stage

Question 33

stool for cyst stage color and reagent

Answer 33

Reddish brown with iodine

Question 34

Giardia lamblia diesease

Answer 34

GIARDIASIS

Question 35

GIARDIASIS Ingestion of csyt- _________ stimulates Excystation

Answer 35

Gastric acid

Question 36

GIARDIASIS Release of Trophozoites in

Answer 36

duodenum and jejunum

Question 37

GIARDIASIS transmission

Answer 37

Oro fecal Person to person Uncooked produce

Question 38

GIARDIASIS Immunity:

Answer 38

IgA

Question 39

Trichomonas vaginalis disease

Answer 39

TRICHOMONIASIS

Question 40

TRICHOMONIASIS transmission

Answer 40

Sexual Fomites Birth Canal

Question 41

TRICHOMONIASIS percentage

Answer 41

5-20 in women 2-10 in men

Question 42

Trichomoniasis lab

Answer 42

Urine sediments Secretion (vaginal and prostatic)

Question 43

Leishmania Species stage

Answer 43

Amastogote (Aflagellar) Promastigote (Flagellated)

Question 44

Leishmania Species vector

Answer 44

Sand flies

Question 45

Sand flies spp

Answer 45

(Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia)

Question 46

Leishmania Species Natural habitat in man:

Answer 46

Reticuloendothelial system

Question 47

Leishmania Species reproduction

Answer 47

Binary fission

Question 48

Leishmania Species disease

Answer 48

KALA-AZAR (black sickness) (dumdum fever)

Question 49

Leishmania Species lab

Answer 49

tissue biopsy, Spleen, bone marrow, lymph node aspiration (Giemsa Stain) Serologic testing

Question 50

Leishmania Species Pathogenesis:

Answer 50

-Reduced bone marrow activity

Question 51

Leishmania Species spleen damage leads to

Answer 51

anemia thrombocytopenia leukopenia

Question 52

VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS

Answer 52

Leishmania donovani

Question 53

CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

Answer 53

Leishmania tropica

Question 54

MUCOCUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

Answer 54

Leishmania braziliensis

Question 55

Trypanosoma disease

Answer 55

TRYPANOSOMIASIS

Question 56

Trypanosoma brucei disease

Answer 56

Sleeping sickness (African Trypanosomiasis)

Question 57

Trypanosoma brucei stage of life

Answer 57

Amastigote: Promastigote: Trypomastigote

Question 58

elongated and spindle shape body

Answer 58

Trypomastigote:

Question 59

Trypanosoma brucei vector

Answer 59

Tsetse fly

Question 60

Tse tse fly habitat

Answer 60

shaded stream banks Cattle raising countries-domestic animal host

Question 61

Gambian sleeping sickness:

Answer 61

Winterbottoms sign

Question 62

Trypanosoma brucei Lab

Answer 62

Anticoagulated blood preparation exam

Question 63

Trypanosoma cruzi disease

Answer 63

Chagas disease (American Tripanosomiasis)

Question 64

Trypanosoma cruzi vector

Answer 64

reduviid bugs

Question 65

Erythematous and endurated area

Answer 65

chagoma