Mycology Intro

Question 1

What do Fungi have in their cell membranes instead of cholesterol?

Answer 1

Ergosterol

Question 2

What are yeasts?

Answer 2

Oval, unicellular fungi. They reproduce via budding and form blastospores ( asexual spores ) and may develop pseudohyphae (budding yeast remaining attached)

Question 3

What are molds?

Answer 3

Fungi that are a multinucleate mass of continuous cytoplasm confined within a series of tubular filaments; growth is by branching and longitudinal extension. (hyphae elongate at theirs tips by apical extension)

Question 4

What are Coenocytic hyphae?

Answer 4

Hyphae which do not have septate (aseptate)

Question 5

What are septate hyphae?

Answer 5

Hyphae that possess septa. Septa are cross-walls which are perforated and allow the free passage of (nuclei and) cytoplasm

Question 6

What are condidia?

Answer 6

asexual spores produced at the tip or side of a hypha

Question 7

What are conidiophores?

Answer 7

specialized aerial structures that consist of phialides ( aerial hyphae) which produce conidia.

Question 8

What are sporangiaphores?

Answer 8

specialized aerial structures that produce sporangia- sacs containing asexual spores

Question 9

What is an arthroconidia?

Answer 9

an asexual spore which is the product of separation and fragmentation of true fungal hyphae

Question 10

What is the fungal form that reproduces sexually called?

Answer 10

A teleomorph

Question 11

What is the fungal form that reproduces asexually called?

Answer 11

An anamorph

Question 12

What is a diagnostic indicator of Candida albicans?

Answer 12

The production of germ tubes

Question 13

What are pseudohyphae?

Answer 13

Yeasts buds that elongate and remain attached to the parent cell forming chains. Can be differentiated from hypae by their rounded edges.

Question 14

What are the superficial mycoses?

Answer 14

Malassezia furfur
Hortae werneckii
Piedraia hortae
Trichosporon

Question 15

What are the cutaneous mycoses?

Answer 15

Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
Microsporum

Question 16

What are the subcutaneous mycoses?

Answer 16

Acremonium
Fusarium
Alternaria
Cladosporium

Question 17

What are the systemic mycoses?

Answer 17

Histoplasma
Blastomyces
Coccidioidies
Paracoccidiodes

Question 18

What are the fungal opportunistic pathogens?

Answer 18

Aspergillus
Candida
Cryptococcus
Pneumocystis
Zygomycosis

Question 19

How do fungi reproduce sexually?

Answer 19

Cells of opposite mating types fuse, the nuclei fuse and chromosomes mix, the chromosome number halves and the cell returns to the haploid state.

Question 20

What are Basidiomycetes?

Answer 20

Fungi that when they reproduce sexually form a club shaped structure called a Basidium ( formed from the fusion of hyphae).

Question 21

What are Ascomycetes?

Answer 21

Fungi that when they reproduce sexually create an Ascus from the fusing of hyphae.

Question 22

What are Zygomycetes?

Answer 22

Fungi that when they reproduce sexually form a zygospore from the fusion of hyphae. When they asexually reproduce they form chlamydoconidia, conidia and sporangiospores contained in sporangia.

Question 23

What are some examples of Basidiomycetes?

Answer 23

Cryptococcus neoformans,
Malassezia
Trichosporon
(all yeast)

Question 24

What is Pneumocystidomycetes?

Answer 24

A class within the Ascomycetes phylum. Includes Pneumocystis jirovecii.

Question 25

What are some examples of Zygomycetes?

Answer 25

Rhizopus | Mucor

Question 26

What is Saccharomycetes?

Answer 26

A class within the phylum Ascomycetes. Includes Candida and Saccharomyces.

Question 27

What is Eurtiomycetes?

Answer 27

A class within the phylum Ascomycetes. Includes The dermatophytes and Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Aspergillus, Fursarium, Scedosporium, and Coccidioides.

Question 28

What are the morphological and reproductive characteristics of Eurtiomycetes?

Answer 28

They are fillamentous with septate hyphae. Utilize asexual conidia borne on specialized structures called conidiophores

Question 29

What are the morphological and reproductive characteristics of Saccharomycetes?

Answer 29

Budding yeasts and hyphae, pseudohyphae (chains of cells resembling hyphae)

Question 30

What are the morphological and reproductive characteristics of Pneumocystidomycetes?

Answer 30

Trophic forms and cyst like structures. Fusion of compatible mating types results in a spherical cyst or spore case containing 8 spores.

Question 31

What are the morphological and reproductive characteristics of Basidiomycetes?

Answer 31

Filamentous forms have hyphae that produce basidiospores in nature. Others are Budding yeasts,

Question 32

What are the morphological and reproductive characteristics of Zygomycetes?

Answer 32

Molds with Broad, thin-walled coenocytic hyphae and spores contained by sporangium. Have root like structures. in some genera are called rhizoids.

Question 33

What is a disease caused by Zygomycetes?

Answer 33

Mucormycosis

Question 34

What is the most widely used staining method for fungi?

Answer 34

Lactophenol Cotton Blue

Question 35

What growth media additive is required for culturing Malassezia furfur?

Answer 35

Olive oil (or any long chain fatty acid). Due to Malassezia furfur living on the scalp near sebaceous glands.

Question 36

What is an example of a fungus that requires blood in its growth media?

Answer 36

H. capsulatum

Question 37

What are the enriched media that should be used if fungi is suspected?

Answer 37

Brain heart infusion ( BHI) | Sabouraud dextrose and BHI ( SABHI

Question 38

What is Amphotericin B?

Answer 38

A polyene anti-fungal. Works by binding ergosterol and forming pores in the fungal cell membrane.

Question 39

What is clinically important about Pneumocystis jirovecii?

Answer 39

It causes Pneumocystis pneumonia, which is a key indicator that a patient is immunocompromised (such as those with AIDS)

Question 40

What is clinically important about Coccidioides immitis?

Answer 40

Causes valley fever. Spores are found in dust and is widespread throughout the Southwestern United States.