Myers textbook module 31 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Memory
Learning that persists over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
Implicit memory
Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection
Iconic memory
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
Mnemonics
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Recall
Retrieving information that was learned but is not currently in the conscious mind
Retrieval
Process of getting memories out of storage
Parallel processing
Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously
Explicit memory
Retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare
Effortful processing
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
Echoic memory
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Shallow processing
Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words
Recognition
Identifying items previously learned
Relearning
Learning something more quickly when you have learned it before
Encoding
Getting information into the brain
Storage
Retain encoded information over time
Sensory memory
The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system
Short-term memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten
Long term memory
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
Working memory
A newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory
Automatic processing
Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings
Chunking
Organizing items into familiar, manageable unite; often occurs automatically
Spacing effect
The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
Testing effect
Enhances memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information
Deep processing
Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of words; tends to yield the best retention
