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DPT830 (Exam 2) > Myocardial Revascularization > Flashcards

Myocardial Revascularization Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 clinical procedures to restore myocardial blood flow?

A

1.) PTCS
2.) Stent Therapy
3.) CABG
4.) LVAD

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2
Q

What is a PTCA procedure?

A

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (less invasive than CABG)

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3
Q

What is a Stent Therapy?

A

Use of a mesh tube to treat narrowed or weakened arteries.

(can be used in conjunction with PTCA)

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4
Q

What is a CABG procedure?

A

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft.

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5
Q

What is a LVAD procedure?

A

Left Ventricular Assist Device.

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6
Q

What are some success rate predictors of revascularization procedure?

A

Age, How acute is the syndrome, Other Existing Comorbidities (Diabetes & Antiocoagulant Therapy)

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7
Q

Why do we use Anticoagulants?

A

So you don’t get a blood clot, thrombosis, and/or stroke.

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8
Q

What are 3 types of Coronary Syndrome?

A

Unstable Angina, Stemi, NStemi

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9
Q

What is an Unstable Angina?

A

Partial Rupture of an artery. (does not cause permanent damage to the heart)

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10
Q

What is a STEMI?

A

“classic” heart attack (causes extensive heart damage)

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11
Q

What is a NSTEMI?

A

Intermediate form of ACS (causes less extensive damage to the heart)

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12
Q

Unstable Angina will showcase what on an ECG?

A

T Inversion

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13
Q

NSTEMI will showcase what on an ECG?

A

ST Depression

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14
Q

STEMI will showcase what on an ECG?

A

ST Elevation

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15
Q

What ECG characteristics will be viewable on an abnormal ECG readout?

A

ST Elevation (Stemi), ST Depression (NStemi), T-Inversion (Unstable Angina)

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16
Q

Retenosis typically occurs in ____ % of cases and within ____ months?

A

30% of cases & within 6 months

17
Q

CABG can improve the survival rate in patients with what types of heart disease?

A

Left Main CAD, Multi-Vessel Disease (2-3 vessels)

18
Q

What is the success rate with CABG?

A

90-95%

19
Q

What are the occlusion rate of grafts at 1 year, 5 year, and 11 years?

A

10% after 1 year
20% after 5 years
40% after 11 years

20
Q

What are some post-op education for CABG patients?

A

Wound care, managing recurring symptoms, risk factor modification.

21
Q

What is a PTCA procedure?

A

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

22
Q

What does a PTCA procedure entail?

A

Non-Surgical (less invasive than CABG) utilizing either Ballon Dilation or Stent Therapy

23
Q

What types of grafts are used for a Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

A

Venous Graft (from an arm or leg) or an Arterial Graft (from internal mammary artery)

24
Q

Left Main Coronary Artery stenosis of how much is an indication for CABG?

A

50%

25
Q

Stenosis of Proximal LAD & Proximal Circumflex of how much is an indication for CABG?

A

> 70%

26
Q

Asymptomatic patients with what types of heart disease are indications for CABG?

A

3-Vessel Disease or Mild/Stable Angina

27
Q

What are some complications with CABG?

A

Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Wound, Joint Stiffness, Muscle Weakness, Postural Deformity.

28
Q

What are some respiratory complications associated with CABG?

A

Infection, Consolidation/Collapse, Pneumothorax, Haemothorax.

29
Q

What are some cardiovascular complications associated with CABG?

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis, Cardiac Arrest, Arrhythmias, Tamponade, Emboli.

30
Q

What are some wound complications associated with CABG?

A

Infection, Unhealed, Scar Tissue (multiple types).

31
Q

What are some joint stiffness complications associated with CABG?

A

Stiff: shoulder and girdle, thoracic spine, CV joints.

32
Q

What are some muscle weakness complications associated with CABG?

A

Incision Related, Leg and Abdominal (disuse / bed rest)

33
Q

What are some postural deformity complications associated with CABG?

A

Protraction, Scolosis.

34
Q

What is a LVAD (left ventricular assist device)?

A

A surgically implanted mechanical pump that is attached to the heart.

35
Q

How is a LVAD different from an artificial heart?

A

LVAD works with the heart to help it pump more blood with less work, whereas an artificial heart replaces the failing heart completely.

DPT830 (Exam 2) (8 decks)

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