Myth and city : foundation stories Flashcards
(9 cards)
How did the myth of Athena and Poseidon reflect Athens’ values?
They competed to be the city’s patron. Poseidon offered a salt spring, Athena gave the olive tree – symbolising peace and prosperity. Athena’s win represented Athens’ preference for wisdom and agriculture over violence and the sea.
Who was Theseus and why was he important to Athens?
Legendary king and unifier of Attica. Famous for slaying the Minotaur and escaping the Labyrinth. Depicted on the Theseus Kylix, his stories reinforced Athenian identity, heroism, and leadership.
Summarise Aeneas’ role in founding Rome.
A Trojan prince who fled Troy, carried his father Anchises, and led survivors to Italy. His journey (from Virgil’s Aeneid) justifies Roman values like piety and duty, linking Rome’s origins to divine destiny.
What is the importance of Romulus and Remus?
Twin sons of Mars, raised by a she-wolf. Romulus killed Remus and founded Rome. The myth blends divine ancestry, violence, and the theme of civil war, reflecting Rome’s future political realities.
How does Plutarch compare Theseus and Romulus?
In Parallel Lives, he explores how both heroes founded their cities, fought enemies, and were later deified. Plutarch emphasises their virtues and flaws, showing moral lessons for leaders.
What does the Centauromachy on the Parthenon symbolise?
Battle between Greeks and centaurs – a metaphor for order vs chaos, civilisation vs barbarism. Athens is shown as defender of culture and divine order.
What is the Amazonomachy, and why is it politically significant?
Depicted on the Bassae frieze. Shows Greeks fighting Amazons – symbol of foreign, unnatural female warriors. Reinforces male dominance and Greek identity during wartime.
Describe the Prima Porta Augustus statue and its symbolism.
Shows Augustus in idealised form, with military dress and Cupid riding a dolphin at his feet – linking him to Venus. The breastplate shows gods supporting Roman victory. It’s a visual propaganda piece for imperial authority and divine favour.
What is the Ara Pacis, and what does it represent?
The Altar of Peace, commissioned by Augustus to celebrate peace after his military campaigns. Shows imagery of prosperity, family, and divine ancestry, linking Augustus to Aeneas and Rome’s sacred destiny.
