Relgion and City : Temples

Question 1

What makes you polluted?

Answer 1

Sex
Being in contact with people who have just gave birth
Funeral – Being in contact with dead
Killing someone outside of war

Too cleanse yourself have a wash
For murder you have to have legal and religious percicution

Question 2

Why is the altar located outside?

Answer 2

Olympian altars are always outside so nature can clean the altar (rain, animals) and because the smoke would not get to gods if inside

Question 3

Explain 1,2,4,5,6

Answer 3

1. – the temple was built on a solid foundation plinth, which also provided steps up to the temple. This raised it above ground level
2. – the colonnade stood on the foundation plinth and ran around the temple, It provided support for the roof, (the corridor before being inside)
3. – pronaos –(an entry room)
4. • The cella central room that housed the cult statue
     6 –The opisthodomos was the room that held treasure i.e. cities money

Question 4

What is an Ionic frieze and how is it different from Doric?

Answer 4

An Ionic frieze is a continuous sculpted band, with no triglyphs.
* It runs all the way around the building, allowing a longer, detailed narrative.
* Found in Ionic order temples, popular in eastern Greece and Ionia.
* Example: Inner frieze of the Parthenon shows the Panathenaic procession.

Question 5

What is a Doric frieze and how is it designed?

Answer 5

It’s made of two alternating parts:
* Triglyphs: panels with 3 vertical grooves
* Metopes: square spaces that may be plain or sculpted with mythological scenes
* It gives a strong, rhythmic appearance and was common in mainland Greece.
* Example: Parthenon metopes show myths like the Centauromachy.

Question 6

What is a heiress?

Answer 6

Greek priest

Question 7

what is a Heriea?

Answer 7

Greek priestess

Question 8

what is a Pythia?

Answer 8

priestess of Apollo at Delphi

Question 9

what is the role of priest, and what are some perks?

Answer 9

There role is to oversee the sacrifices (In the right order/ properly) don’t have to kill the animal
Not a full time role – don’t earn a wage, but might get a little income from Gifts for thanks for his time
Get status from being closer to the gods
Perks of the Job – Priest of Dionysus Gets to sit in the best seat in the theatre (The throne of Dionysus)
Priestess of Demeter is the only Women aloud to watch the Olympics

Question 10

what are the 3 parts of the sacrifice?

Answer 10

the preparation
the kill
the sharing of the sacrifice

Question 11

What were the key stages of an ancient Greek animal sacrifice, and why were they important?

Answer 11

1. Procession to the temple
   
   • The animal is led in a procession with music playing (usually flutes) to keep it calm.
   • If the animal looks unwilling or scared, it is a bad omen and the sacrifice must be cancelled.
     2. Entering the temenos (sacred area)
   • Before entry, participants must cleanse themselves with water to be ritually pure.
     3. At the altar
   • A fire is lit on the altar.
   • Water is sprinkled:
   • For small animals, water is sprinkled directly on the head.
   • For larger animals, a bowl of water is placed in front of them.
   • This encourages the animal to nod, showing its “consent” to be sacrificed.
     4. Initial offering: hair and barley
   • A lock of the animal’s hair is cut and burned in the fire – this is the first offering.
   • The reaction of the flame is interpreted as a sign of the god’s presence.
   • All participants take barley grains from a basket and throw them on the altar or into the fire.
   • The barley has touched the sacrificial knife, so this act marks everyone as a participant.
     5. The killing of the animal
   • The sacrificer removes the knife and slits the animal’s throat:
   • Small animals: Held over the altar fire.
   • Large animals: Blood is collected in a pot and poured over the altar.
   • At the moment of death, women scream (a ritual, high-pitched cry) to mark the sacred moment.
     6. After the sacrifice
   • The animal is skinned. The skin is given to the priest.
   • The thigh bones wrapped in fat are burned on the altar as the god’s portion.
   • The entrails (organs) are inspected by a mantis (prophet):
   • If healthy, it is a good omen.
   • If unhealthy, the god is displeased and will not grant the request.
     7. Feasting
   • The rest of the meat is cooked and shared among participants.
   • This was a rare and important source of protein.
   • The ritual creates a sense of community and unity — everyone is part of the sacred act.

Question 12

how was the delian league formed?

Answer 12

Parts of Greece are more venerable then other parts, Athens see this as an opportunity, (Athens is a naval city, Surrounded by the sea) They know the little Islands and costal areas are worried, so the Athenians go around to the Poleis and tell them that they are at risk, They will offer protection and repel the Persians for you, In exchange of Tribute (A tax) as long as they keep paying they will keep coming this became known as the Delian League, It is called this because all the money all the taxes are stored on the island of Delos.

Greece wins the war, the Athenians then go round to the Poleis and make them pay the tax or they shall invade, It then becomes the Athenian Empire, The Persians did nearly win the war and destroyed Athens, and destroy the Parthenon and other religious buildings up there, there Behavior is a sigh that they are barbaric