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Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 > N: Limbic System > Flashcards

N: Limbic System Flashcards

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1
Q

Limbic system generates ___ and ____ from sensory inputs

A

feelings /emotions

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2
Q

Limbic system is evolved to promote ____ so activity varies depending on physiological need

A

promotes survival

so activity varies on physiological need

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3
Q

Limbic system bridges the __ and ___

A

autonomic / voluntary responses to environmental change

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4
Q

LImbic system consists of what 2 thigns?

A
  1. limbic cortex

2. subcoertical nuclei

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5
Q

Limbic cortex

Allocortex of ______ (___ layered)

Mesocortex of _____

A

3 layered allocortex of hippocampus and septal area

mesocortex in parahippocampus gyrus, cingulate, insula

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6
Q

What are the subcortical nuclei of the limbic system>

A

amygdala, hypothalamus

nucleus accumbens

reticular formation

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7
Q

Limbic system: Amygdala is responses for ___

A

emotional responses

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8
Q

Limbic system: Hippocampus is responsible for ___

A

learning and memory

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9
Q

HIPPOCAMPUS AFFERENT

Entorhinal cortex gets information from olfactory areas (____) and other areas (____)

A

olfactory - minor

other - major

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10
Q

HIPPOCAMPUS AFFERENT

Input from septal nuclei does what?

A

modulates whether information in the hippocampus will be retained

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11
Q

What are the 3 distinct zones of the hippocampus?

A
  1. dental gyrus
  2. hippocampus proper
  3. subiculum
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12
Q

Hippocampus proper aka ___

A

cornu ammonis (amin’s horn)

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13
Q

The subiculum is the transition between ____ and ____

A

hippocampus proper and adjacent parahippocampal cortex

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14
Q

AFFERENT HIPPOCAMPUS:

1. Afferent fibers from ___ sends to ____

A

sensory cortex –> entorhinal cortex

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15
Q

AFFERENT HIPPOCAMPUS
2. Entorhinal cortex projects to ____

This is via ____ pathway

A

dental gyrus

via perforant pathway

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16
Q

What is the perforant pathway>

A

entorhinal corex to dental gyrus

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17
Q

AFFERENT HIPPOCAMPUS:

3. Denta neurons project to ____

A

CA3 of hippocampus proper

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18
Q

AFFERENT HIPPOCAMPUS:

4. CA3 of hippocampus proper projects to ___ and __

A

FIMBRIA

CA1 of hippocampus proper

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19
Q

AFFERENT HIPPOCAMPUS:

5. CA1 of hippocampus proper projects to ___

A

subiculum

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20
Q

AFFERENT HIPPOCAMPUS:
6. Subilculum projects to ____

Via ___ pathway

A

FIMBRIA

via alvear pathway

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21
Q

What is the alvear pathway?

A

Subiculum to fimbria

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22
Q

AFFERENT HIPPOCAMPUS:

7. Subiculuar neurons project to ___

A

entorhinal cortex

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23
Q

AFFERENT HIPPOCAMPUS:

8. Entorhinal cortex projects to ____

A

sensory cortex

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24
Q

What are the 2 major EFFERENTS of the hippocampus?

A
  1. alvear pathway (subiculum to fornix)

2. entorhinal cortex going to cerebral cortex

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25
The ___ is the direct continuation of the fimbriae
fornix
26
The fornix contains axons from what 2 structures?
subiculum and CA3 of hippocampus
27
The fornix has a long course underneath the ___
corpus callosum
28
THe ___ arches up from the hippocampus as a part of the fornix
crus
29
The 2 crus of the fornix join, forming a ____ This happens near the ____
forming a body (trunk) this happens near hippocampal commissure
30
Fornix trunk divides into 2 ____ These split near the ___
2 commissures These split near the anterior commissure
31
What are the 2 commissures (and what areas) after the fornix trunk (body) divides
1. precommisural fibers (septal area) | 2. post-commisural fibers (hypothalamus, mamillary body)
32
PAPEZ CIRCUIT: | 1. Neurons in ____ projec tbackwards
cingulate gyrus
33
PAPEZ CIRCUIT: | 2. Neurons from cingulate gyrus reach the ____
entorhinal cortex
34
PAPEZ CIRCUIT: | 3. Entorhinal corttex projections into the ___
hippocampus
35
PAPEZ CIRCUIT: | 4. Hippocampus projects into the ____
fornix
36
PAPEZ CIRCUIT: | 5. Fornix projects into the ____
mamillothalamic tract
37
PAPEZ CIRCUIT: | 6. Mamillothalamic tract projects from _____ to ____
from anterior nucleus of thalamus to cingulate cortex
38
What is short term memory?
hold information briefly in mind while you need it ex: a telephone number
39
What is long-term memory? What are the 3 types of long-term memory?
Stored information that can be retrieved 1. explicit memory 2. semantic memory 3. implicity memory
40
What is explicit memory
type of long term memory recall facts/events aka declarative memory/episodic memory
41
Explicit memory aka ___ aka ___
declarative memory | episodic memory
42
What is semantic memory
type of long term memory pertains to spoken/written words extended to knowledge of facts/concepts
43
What is implicit memory
type of long term memory performing a learned mortor function like riding a bike
44
What is working memory
needed for a task at hand, driving along a known route
45
What is "consolidation"
process of storing a new information in long-term memory
46
Novel facts are related from sensory areas to hippocampus for encoding, processed, and encoded information is sent back to ____.
association area it came from
47
Bilateral removal of hippocami impaired ___ memory
delcarative memory
48
Bilateral removal of hippocampi, impairing declarative memory... Could not form new: _____
episodic memories (past personal experiences) semantic memories (ideas, concepts not related to personal experiences like state capitals
49
Bilateral removal of hippocampi, impairing declarative memory... Could still use _____
working memory HM could use new skills
50
Bilateral removal of hippocampi, impairing declarative memory... Had impaired declarative memory _____ brain
HMs
51
The amygdala is in the ____ lobe
anterior, medial temporal lobe
52
The amydala merges with ____
periamygdaloid cortex
53
The periamygdaloid cortex is part of the ____
uncus
54
The amygdala has ___ nuclear groups
3
55
What are the 3 nuclear groups
medial central basolateral
56
AMYGDALA | medial nucleus has __ inputs
olfactory
57
AMYGDALA | central ncuels has ___ inputs
hypothalamus, PAG
58
AMGDALA | Basolateral nucleus has ___ inputs
cortex, central nuclei
59
All sensory association areas have direct input to the ___
basolateral nucleus of amygdala
60
All sensory association areas are linked to the ____ via association fibers so sensation can be cognitively evlauated
prefrontal cortex
61
Visual areas stimulating the amygdala can stimulate ___ ***this happens only if the amygdala / prefrontal cortex association fibers are not working properly
phobias / anxiety states
62
Visual areas stimulating the amygdala stimulate phobias / anxiety states This happens only if ______
amygdala and prefrontal cortex association fibers are not working properly
63
Most nuclei receiving amygdala afferents are located ____ so collectively terms ____
laterally so collectively termed "lateral nucleus"
64
Amygdala afferents from the orbital cortex / cingulate do what?
generate sense of emotional / physical discomfort
65
Amygdala afferents from the brainstem and PAG do what?
generate visceral sensation
66
Amygdala afferents from cortex / thalamus do what?
sensation from vision, taste, hearing, somatosensory
67
Amygdala afferents from olfactory bulb and cortex do what?
sensation of olfaction
68
What are the main 2 pathways in the amygdala?
1. stria terminalis | 2. ventral amygdalofugal pathway
69
The stria terminalis is from the __ and the ___
hypothalamus and septal nuclei
70
The ventral amygdalofugal pathway is from the ___ (4 things)
thalamus hypothalamus orbital and anterior cingulate gyrus
71
Stria terminalis emerges from the ___
central nucleus
72
After the stria terminalis emerges from the central nucleus, it follows ____
the curve of the caudate
73
After the stria terminalis fibers have followed the curve of the caudate, it goes into the ___
septal areas and hypotahalmus
74
After the stria terminalis have gone through the septal areas and hypothalamus it goes ____
medial forebrain bundle and central tegmental tract
75
The bed nucleus is an _____
extended amygdala it may be more active in anxiety than the amygdala
76
The amygdala can trigger a _____ reaction to fear
sympathetic
77
Amygdala going to PAG (medulla/raphespinal tract) triggers ____
antinociception
78
Amygdala going to PAD (medullary reticulospinal tract) triggers ___
freezing
79
Amygdala going to norepinephrine medullary neurons projected to lateral gray horn triggers ____
increased heart rate and blood pressure
80
Amygdala going to hypothalamus/dorsal nucleus of vagus (heart) triggers ___
decreased heart rate, fainting
81
Amygdala going to the hypothalamus to release corticotropin RH triggers ___
stress hormone secretion
82
Amygdala going to parabrachial nucleus to medullary respiratory nuclei triggers ____
hyperventilation (panic attacks)
83
Kulver bucy syndrom ____ lobe injury involving ____
bilateral temporal lobe injury involves the amygdala, parahippocampus gyrus
84
Symptoms of kulver bucy syndrome
fearless, placid, no emotional reactions, don't respond to threats from others, don't flee from threats males become hypersexual, indiscriminate, will have sex with inaminate objects and different species Inordinate attention to all sensory -- sniff and orally examine everything. If they can eat it, they will eat it May pick up the same object repeatedly as they seem to recognize ntothing (visual agnosia) from VISUAL CORTE DAMAGE
85
what is visual agnosia - damage to what causes> - what syndrome is it associated with?
pick up same object repeatedly and seem to recognize nothing visual associated cortex damage kluver bucy syndrome
86
Nucleus accumbens aka ___
ventral striatum
87
Nucleus accumbens stimulates a sense of ___
well being
88
The "high feeling" associated with nucleus accumens (ventral striatum) is associated with ____ from ____ this is released into ___
dopamine from ventral tegmental area released into nucleus accumbens
89
Dopamine is released from ____ into ____ gives a "high feeling"
from ventral tegmental area in midbrain to nucleus accumebns (ventral striatum)
90
When dopamine is released from tegmental area of midbrian into nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum), it influences our behavior.... This leads to ____
behavior that stimulates more *REWARD* AKA LOOP LIMBIC LOOP IN BASAL GANGLIA
91
What is the limbic loop in basal ganglia?
When dopamine is released from tegmental area of midbrian into nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum), it influences our behavior to do more rewards-driven tasks LOOP!

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 (13 decks)

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