N301 Midterm Principles of Neuropharm Flashcards
(70 cards)
Most neuropharmacologic agents act by altering synaptic transmission which causes greater ____.
selectivity
the autonomic nervous system is made up of what two systems? and what does each do?
Parasympathetic: maintains normal physiological fxn (decreases HR and BP)
Sympathetic: fight or flight (increases HR and BP)
What peripheral NT is employed by the Parasympathetic NS?
AcH
What peripheral NT is employed by the SNS?
AcH
EPI
NE (precursor to EPI)
what receptors mediate responses to AcH? and what are examples of these receptors?
cholinergic
muscarinic
nicotinic-N
nicontinic-M
What receptors mediate repsponses to EPI and NE ? What are examples of these?
Adrenergic Alpha-1 Alpha-2 Beta-1 Beta-2
A selective Betablockers acts on what receptors?
Beta-1
When a receptor is activated by a drug what happens?
the same effect as the natural NT… Ie either more response or less response.
What are the 7 regulatory fxns of the Parasympathetic NS?
- Slow HR
- Increase gastric secretion
- Empty the bladder
- Empty the bowel
- Focus the eye for near vision (not looking for predators or place to run)
- constrict the pupil (don’t need to see in dark or things coming at you)
- contraction of bronchial smooth muscle (not running, don’t need more oxygen)
What are the 2 sites of drug action in the PNS?
- the synapses b/w pre and post ganglionic neurons.
2. The junctions b/w post ganglionic neurons and the organs they effect.
Where does pharmacodynamics begin?
site of action of drug (on a receptor)
What NT do cholinergic receptors mediate a response to? (what chemical is being enhanced or decreased by the drug)
AcH
True or false: drugs synethesized to be structurally related to natural NT are less selective for specific receptor subtypes than the natural transmitters would be.
False: they are MORE selective (Ex. can be more selective and pick Nicotinic-N rather than M)
what happens when we activate the nicotinic-“N” subtype?
neuronal: NE is released from adrenal medulla
What happens when we activate the nicotinic-“M” subtype?
muscle: skeletal muscles contract
What happens when we activate the muscarinic receptor subtype?
organ response (located on the target organ)
What are 3 drugs that stimulate the PSNS receptors?
- stimulants
- Agonists
- Cholinergics
What are 3 drugs that block the PSNS receptors?
- Blockers
- Antagonist
- Anticholinergics
What are excess cholinergic effects? (10)
- decreased ocular pressure
- Mitosis (constriction of pupil)
- sweating
- increased salivation
- increased bronchial secretions
- bronchial constriction (airway will constrict)
- increased GI tone
- Decreased BP
- Bradycardia
- contraction of bladder detrusor muscle
REMEMBER WET with LOW BP and HR (with excess cholinergic)
Are cholinergics contraindicated or indicated for asthmatics? glaucoma?
asthmatics- contraindicated
glaucoma- indicated
Except for local anesthetics, which suppress axonal conduction, all neuropharmacologic drugs act by ______.
altering synaptic transmission.
Synaptic transmission consists of five basic steps: 1. transmitter ____
- transmitter ____
- transmitter ___
- binding of transmitter to its ___.
- termination of transmitter action by ___ of transmitter from the receptor followed by transmitter ____ or degradation.
- synthesis
- storage
- release
- receptors
- dissociation, reuptake
The presence of multiple receptor types increases our ability to produce ____drug effects.
selective
Activation of beta1 and beta2 receptors results in (1) increased or decrease of cardiac output
(2) dilation or constriction of the bronchi; and
(3) elevation or decrease of the blood glucose level.
increased
- dilation
- elevation
