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Japanese Grammar > N5 grammar > Flashcards

N5 grammar Flashcards

1
Q

N1 wa N2 desu

A

Ram wa nihonjin desu

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2
Q

N1 wa N2 ja arimasen

A

Ram wa nihonjin ja arimasen

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3
Q

N1 wa N2 desu ka

A

Raghu wa sensei desu ka?

anohito wa dare (donata) desu ka?

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4
Q

N1 mo N2 desu

A

Raghu mo enjinia desu

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5
Q

N1 no N2 desu

A

Raghu wa Manira daigaku no gakusei desu

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6
Q

san - Mr, Mrs, Ms, Miss

A

kochira wa Raghu san desu

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7
Q

kore/sore/are
this
that
that thing over there

A

kore wa nan desu ka?

kore wa hon desu

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8
Q

kono/sono/ano
this (followed by noun)
that (followed by noun)
that over there (followed by noun)

A

kono kasa wa donata no desu ka?

kono kasa wa watashino desu

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9
Q

soudesu
yes, it is
no, it is not

A

hai, soudesu

iie, souja arimasen

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10
Q

– desu ka – desu ka

A

yon desu ka kyuu desu ka

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11
Q

N1 no N2

A

nan no hon?

konpyuutaa no hon

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12
Q

no, substituting for a noun

A

watashi no hon

kore wa watashi no konpyuutaa no hon desu

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13
Q

soudesuka
I see/ Is that so?

Soudesuka is used by a speaker to acknowledge the receipt of some new information

A

anohito are wa SPG no gakusei desu

soudesuka?

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14
Q

koko/soko/asoko
here
there
over there

A

koko wa toirei desu

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15
Q

kochira/sochira/achira
this way
that way
that way over there

A

kochira wa kaisha desu

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16
Q

N1 wa place desu

A

achira wa daigaku desu

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17
Q

doko/dochira
where
which way

A

toire wa doko desu ka?

kaigishitsu wa dochira desu ka?

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18
Q

N1 no N2

A

kore wa doko no kaban desu ka?

itaria no kaban

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19
Q

ima – ji desuka

A

ima nanji desu ka

ima gogo san ji juppun desu (3:10 pm)

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20
Q

masu/masen/mashita/masendeshita

A 
watashi wa mainichi benkyoushimasu
watashi wa ashita benkyoushimasen
watashi wa kinou benkyoushimashita
watashi wa kinou benkyoushimasen deshita
anata wa kinou yasumimashita ka?
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21
Q

N (time) ni Verb

A

watashi wa mainichi roku-ji ni okimasu

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22
Q

N1 kara N2 made

A

watashi wa hachi-ji kara yoji made hatarakimasu

manira kara toukyou made yojikan kakarimasu

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23
Q

N1 to N2

A

doyoubi to nichiyoubi hatarakimasen

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24
Q

N (place) he ikimasu/kimasu/kaerimasu

A

watashi wa Kyoto he ikimasu

watashi wa uchi he kaerimasu

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25
Q

Doko (he) mo ikimasen/kimasen/tabemasen (Deny)

A

doko mo ikimasen

doko mo kimasendeshita

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26
Q

N (vehicle) de ikimasu/kimasu/kaerimasu

A

watashi wa densha de ikimasu

watashi wa takushi de kimasendeshita

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27
Q

N (person/animal) to Verb

A

watashi wa kazoku to Nihon he kimashita

watashi wa neko to asobimashita
watashi wa neko to kouen de asobimashita

watashi wa hitoride Tokyo he ikimasu

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28
Q

itsu (when)

A

itsu Nihon he kimashitaka?

itsu Hiroshima he ikimasuka?

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29
Q

~ yo (give new information)

A

iie ikimasen. tsugino futsuu desuyo

hajimemasuyo

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30
Q

soudesune

The experession soudesune is used to express sympathy or agreement with what the speaker has said.

A

ahista wa nichiyoubi desune

a, soudesune

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31
Q

N wo Verb (transitive)

The particle wo is used to indicate the direct object of a transitive verb

A

juusu wo nomimasu

pan wo tabemasu

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32
Q

N wo shimasu

shimasu, means that the action denoted by the noun is performed. Play sports or games, Hold gatherings or events, do something

A

tenisu wo shimasu

shukudai wo shimasu

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33
Q

nani wo shimasuka

This is a question to ask about someone’s actions

A

nani wo shimasuka?
kinou wo shimashitaka?
sakkaa wo shimashita

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34
Q

nan & nani

nan is used when it preceds a word whose first sound is in the ta, da or nan row

A

sore wa nan desuka?
nan no hon desuka?

nan de tokyo he ikimasuka?
shinkansen de ikimasu

nani wo kaimasuka?

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35
Q

N (place) de V

When added after a noun denoting a place, the particle de indicates the occurrence of an action in that place

A

eki de shinbun wo kaimasu

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36
Q

V masenka

This expression is used when the speaker wants to invite someone to do something

A

isshoni Kyoto he ikimasenka?

ee, iidesune

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37
Q

V mashou

This expression is used when a speaker is positively inviting the listener to do something with the speaker. It is also used when responding positively to an invitation

A

chotto yasumimashou

isshoni hirugohan wo tabemasenka?
ee, tabemashou

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38
Q

~ ka

ka indicates that the listener has received and accepted some new information

A

nichiyoubi Kyoto he ikimashita

Kyoto desuka, iidesune

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39
Q

N (tool/means) de V

The particle de indicates a method or means used for an action

A

watashi wa hashi de tabemasu
watashi wa nihongo de repooto wo kakimasu

naaifu de ringo wo kirimasu

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40
Q

Word/Sentence wa ~ de nandesuka

This question is used to ask how to say a word or sentence in another language

A

arigatou wa eigo de nan desuka?
Thank you desu

thank you wa nihongo de nan desuka?
arigatou desu

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41
Q

N1 (person) ni N2 o agemasu
gave, lent, teach

Verbs like agemasu, kashimasu, oshiemasu indicate imparting things or information, so they must be used with a noun saying to whom those things or information are imparted. The particle ni is used to denote the recipient

A

watashi wa kimura san ni hana wo agemashita
watashi wa Lee san ni hon wo kashimashita
watashi wa Yamada san ni eigo wo oshiemasu

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42
Q

N1 (person) ni N2 o moraimasu
receive, borrow, learn

Verbs like moraimasu/karimasu/naraimasu indicate receiving things or information, so they must be used with a noun saying to whom those things or information are received. The particle ni is used to denote the person

A

watashi wa yamada san ni hana wo moraimashita
watashi wa karina san ni CD wo karimashita
watashi wa Wang san kara/ni Chuugokugo wo naraimasu

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43
Q

mou V mashita

mou means already and is used with V mashita. In this case, V mashita means that the action has been completed.

A

mou nimotsu okurimashitaka?
hai, mou okurimashita
iie, mada okurimasen
iie, mada desu

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44
Q

Omission of particles

Particles are often omitted in informal speech when the relationship between the parts of speech before and after them are obvious

A

kono supuun, sutekidesune

koohii, mou ippai ikagadesuka

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45
Q

N1 wa adj desu

They are divided into two groups: i and na adjectives depending on how they inflict

A

watto san wa shinsetsu desu
miraa san wa hansamu desu

fuji san wa takai desu
sakura wa kirei desu

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46
Q

Na is retained when placed before a noun

A

watto san wa shinsetsu na sensei desu

fuji san wa takai na yama desu

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47
Q

i is used before desu and also before noun

A

nihongo wa yasashii desu

kono koohii wa atsui desu

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48
Q

Na adjective -ve form

The non-past negative of na is formed by dropping the na and attaching ja arimasen

A

sakura wa kirei ja arimasen

basu wa benri ja arimasen

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49
Q

i adjective -ve form

The non-past negative of i is formed by dropping the i and attaching kunai desu

A

miraa san wa isogashikunai desu

kono koohii wa atsukunai desu

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50
Q

~ ga - But

Connects two statements. If the first clause is positive, then second will be negative. And vice versa.

A

shigoto wa isogashi desuga, omoshiroi desu

nihogo no tabemono wa oishii desuga, takai desu

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51
Q

totemo (very)

totemo is used with affirmative sentence.

A

metro wa totemo benri desu

oosaka wa totemo samui desu

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52
Q

amari (not very)

amari is used with negative sentence.

A

kono pasokon wa amari yokunai desu

sore wa amari yuumei na byouin ja arimasen

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53
Q

N1 wa doudesuka

how was it?

A

nihon no seikatsu wa doudesuka?

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54
Q

N1 wa donna N2 desuka

what kind of?

A

nara wa donna machi desuka?

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55
Q

N ga arimasu/wakarimasu

The objects of some verbs and adjectives are marked with ga

A

watashi wa kuruma ga arimasu

watashi wa eigo ga wakarimasu

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56
Q

N ga suki/kirai/jouzu/heta desu

like
dislike
good at
bad at

A

watashi wa itaria ryouri ga suki desu

watashi wa tenisu ga jouzu desu

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57
Q

donna N

what kind of?

A

donna supootsu ga suki desu ka?

sakka ga suki desu

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58
Q

yoku/daitai/takusan/sukoshi/amari/zenzen

These adverbs are placed before verbs to modify them

A 
watashi wa eigo ga yoku wakarimasu
watashi wa eigo ga amari wakarimasu
watashi wa okane ga takusan arimasu
watashi wa okane ga zenzen arimasen
koko wa sukoshi samui desu
ano eiga wa zenzen omoshirokunai desu
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59
Q

Sentence1 kara Sentence2

A statement beore kara gives the reason for a statement after it

A

watashi wa jikan ga arimasen kara, shinbun wo yomimasen

60
Q

doushite
why?

The interrogative doushite is used to ask the reason for something. Kara is placed at the end of the reply giving the reason

A

doushite asa shinbun o yomimasenka?
jikan ga arimasen kara

doushite desuka?

61
Q

N ga arimasu/imasu

arimasu and imasu indicate the existence of a thing, person etc

A

konpyuutaa ga arimasu
otokono hito ga imasu
inu ga imasu

62
Q

Place ni N ga arimasu/imasu

This sentence form is used to say what or who is in a certain place

A

watashi no heya ni tsukue ga arimasu
jimusho ni miraasan ga imasu

chika ni nani ga arimasuka?
uketsuke ni dare ga imasuka?
toukyoo dizuniirando wa doko ni arimasuka?

63
Q

N1 (thing/person/place) no N2 (position)

When the noun N2 represents a direction or postion, then it shows a positional relationship with N1

A

tsukue no ue ni shashin ga arimasu
yuubinkyoku wa ginkou no tonari ni arimasu
honya wa hanaya to suupaa no aida ni arimasu

64
Q

N1 ya N2

Used when only a few of the items are listed. Nado is used at the end to tell like etc.

A

hako no naka ni tegami ya shashin nado ga arimasu

65
Q

How to use quantifiers

I bought four apples
There are 2 foreign students
I studied Japanese for two months in my home country

A

ringo wo yottsu kaimashita
gaikoku jin no gakusei ga futari imasu
kuni de nikagetsu nihongo wo benkyoushimashita

66
Q

Asking how many

How many mandarin oranges did you buy?
I bought eight

A

mikan wo ikutsu kaimashitaka?

yattsu kaimashita

67
Q

Asking how many

How many foreign students are there in the company?
There are five

A

kono kaisha ni gaikokujin ga nan nin imasuka?

go nin imasu

68
Q

donokurai

This is used to ask the length of time something takes

A

donokurai nihongo wo benkyoushimashitaka?
san nen benkyoushimashita

oosaka kara toukyou made donokurai kakarimasuka?
shinkansen de ni jikan han kakarimasu

69
Q

gurai

This is added after quantifiers to mean about

A

daigaku ni sensei ga sanjuu nin gurai imasu

ichigofun gurai kakarimasu

70
Q

Quantifier (time period) ni ~kai Verb

This expresssion indicates frequency

A

ikka getsu ni nikai eiga wo mimasu

isshukan ni san kai takushi de gakkou he ikimasu

71
Q

Quantifier dake/ N dake

dake means only. It is added after quantifiers or nouns to indicate that there is no more or nothing else

A

pawaa denki ni gaikokujin no shain ga hitori dake imasu

yasumi wa nichiyoubi dake desu

72
Q

Tense and affirmative/negative forms of noun sentences and na adjective sentences

Present/future positive
Present negative

Past positive
Past negative

A

shizuka desu
shizuka ja arimasen

shizuka deshita
shizuka ja arimasen deshita

73
Q

Tense and affirmative/negative forms of i adjective sentences

Present/future positive
Present negative

Past positive
Past negative

A

atsui desu
atsukunai desu

atsukatta desu
atsukunakatta desu

74
Q

N1 wa N2 yori adjective desu

This sentence pattern describes the quality and/or state of N1 in comparison with N2

A

Metro wa kuruma yori hayaku desu
kono kuruma wa ano kuruma yori ookii desu
hokkaido wa oosaka yori suzushi desu
wansan wa shumitosan yori tenisu ga jouzu desu

75
Q

N1 to N2 to dochiraga adjective desuka
N1 or N2 no houga adjective desu

The interrogative dochira is used when comparing any two items

A

sakkaa to yakyuu to dochiraga omoshiroi desuka?
sakkaa no houga omoshiroi desu

meerasan to santosusan to dochiraga tenisu ga jouzu desuka?
meera san no houga jouzu desu

koohii to oucha to dochiraga ii desuka?
koohii no houga yo desu

76
Q

N1 (no naka) de [nani, doko, dare, itsu] ga ichiban adjective desuka
N2 ga ichiban adjective desu

de indicates a range. Group is denoted by N1 which can be thing, place, person, time etc.. that exhibits to the highest degree the state of quality described by the adjective.

A

nihon ryouri de nani ga ichiban oishii desuka?
tenpura ga ichiban oishii desu

kazoku de dare ga ichiban segatakai desuka?
otouto ga ichiban segatakai desu

ichinen de itsu ga ichiban samui desuka?
ni gatsu ga ichiban samui desu

77
Q

N ga hoshii desu

hoshii is a an adjective and its object is marked by ga

hoshiidesu and taidesu can only be used when talking about what the speaker or listener want. They cannot be used to talk about what a third person wants

A

watashi wa tomodachi ga hoshii desu

ima nani ga ichiban hoshii desuka?
kuruma ga hoshii desu

78
Q

V masu form taidesu

This is used to express the speaker’s desire to do something. The object of ~tai can be marked either with the particle wo or with the particle ga.

A

watashi wa okinawa he ikitaidesu
watashi wa tenpura wo tabetaidesu

koube de nani wo kaitaidesuka?
kutsu wo kaitaidesu

biiru wo nomitaidesu
onaka ga itaidesu kara, nani mo tabetakunaidesu

79
Q

N (place) he V masu form ni ikimasu/kimasu/kaerimasu

The purpose of the actions are marked with ni
I will go there for so and so purpose to do something

A

koube he indo ryouri wo tabe ni ikimasu
nihon he bijutsu no benkyou ni kimashita
eki he tomodachi wo mukae ni ikimasu

doko he oyogi ni ikimasuka?
hoteru no puuru he oyogi ni ikimasu

80
Q

dokoka or nanika

dokoka means anywhere or somewhere.
nanika means anything or something.

A

fuyu yasumi wa dokoka he ikimashitaka?
hai, hokkaido he sukii ni ikimashita

nodoga kawakimashita kara, nanika wo nomitaidesu

81
Q

Verb conjugation
Group 1

  1. Verbs which ends with the sound of i,chi,ri takes tte
  2. Verbs which ends with the sound of ni,mi,bi takes nde
  3. Verbs which ends with the sound of ki takes ite
  4. Verbs which ends with the sound of gi takes ide
  5. Verbs which ends with the sound of shi takes te
A 
tatte
kaette
katte
magatte
moratte
matte
sutte
yonde
nonde
shinde
asonde
yonde
yasunde

kaite
kiite

isoide
oyoide
hanashite
kashite
dashite
keshite
82
Q

Verb conjugation
Group 2

Verbs which ends with the sound of e. Replace masu with te

tabe masu
mise masu
tsuke masu

A

tabete
misete
tsukete

83
Q

Below verbs are exception which comes under Group2 even though they have i and ki

oi masu
abi masu
deki masu
tai masu
oki masu
kari masu
mi masu
i masu
A 
oite
abite
dekite
taite
okite
karite
mite
ite
84
Q

Verb Conjugation
Group 3

Verbs which end with shimasu. Replace masu with te

shimasu
kimasu
benkyoushi masu
ohanamishi masu
shukudaishi masu
sanposhi masu
A 
shite
kite
benkyoushite
ohanamishite
shukudaishite
sanposhite
85
Q

V te form imasu

This sentence pattern indicates that a certain action or motion is in progress

A

nani wo shite imasuka?
ame ga futte imasu

ima benkyoushite imasu
ongaku wo kiite imasu

86
Q

V masu form mashouka

This experession is used when the speaker is offering to do something for the listener

A

ashita mo kimashouka?
ee, juu ji ni kite kudasai

nimotsu wo mochimashouka?
iie, kekkou desu

kasa wo kashimashouka?
sumimasen, onegaishimasu

87
Q

Noun ga verb

The direct object is inidicated by ga particle when describing a natural phenomenon

A

ame ga futte imasu
jishin ga aimashita
meerasan ga imasenne

88
Q

sumimasenga, shitsuredesuga

The ga in expression such as sumimasenga and shitsuredesuga is used as an introductory remark

A

sumimasenga, shiyo wo totte kudasai

shitsuredesuga, onamaewa

89
Q

V te form mo iidesuka
May I do?

This sentence pattern is used for asking permission to do something

A

shashin wo totte mo iidesuka?

kokode tabako o sutte mo iidesuka?
ee, sutte mo iidesuyo

asatte kite mo iideskuka?

takushi de ittemo iideskua?
iie, chotto

90
Q

V te form wa ikemasen
You must not do

This sentence pattern is used to express prohibition

A

kokode tabako wo sutte wa ikemasen, kinen desu kara

osake wo nonde wa ikemasen
romaji de kaite wa ikemasen
biruni haratte wa ikemasen
sotode asonde wa ikemasen

91
Q

V te form imasu

Other than present continuous tense verb te form imasu also states a certain continuous state resulted from past action

A

watawshi wa kekkonshite imasu
watashi wa tanakasan wo shitte imasu
watashi wa kamera wo motte imasu
watashi wa oosaka ni sunde imasu

shiyakusho denwabangou wo shitte imasuka?
hai, shitte imasu

92
Q

The negative form of shitteimasu is shirimasen

A

sensei no denwa bangou wo shitte imasuka?

iie, shirimasen

93
Q

N ni V

The particle ni is used with verbs such as hairimasu, suwarimasu, norimasu, noborimasu

A

kyouto eki kara juuroku ban no basu ni notte kudasai

kissaten ni hairimasu
isu ni suwarimasu
basu ni norimasu
yama ni noborimasu

94
Q

N1 ni N2 o V

The particle ni inidcates the location (N1) of N2 as the result of an action

A

kokoni kuruma wo tomete kudasai
kokoni juusho wo kaite kudasai
kokoni namae wo kaite kudasai
asoko ni tatte kudasai

95
Q

V1 te form, V2 te form, V3 masu/mashita

To mention two or more actions taking place in succession.
Listed in the order of occurrence.
The tense of the sentence is determined by the tense form of the last verb in the sentence.

A

asa jogingu wo shite, shawaa wo abite, kaisha he ikimasu

koube he itte, eiga wo mite, ocha wo nomimashita

sokuji shite, uchi he kaette, nihongo wo benkyoushimashita

96
Q

i adjective will become kute and ending should be desu
This is used to tell characteristics.

ookii
chisai
ii
semai
nagai
wakai
A 
ookikute
chisakute
yokute
semakute
nagakute
wakakute

miraa san wa wakakute, genki desu
kinou wa tenkiga yokute, atsukatta desu
satou san wa atamaga yokute, omoshiroi desu

97
Q

na adjective will become de and ending will be desu

hansamuna
kireina

A

hansamude
kireide

miraa san wa hansamude, shinsetsuna hito desu
nara wa shizukade, kireina machi desu
tokyou wa nikiyakade, omoshiroi desu

98
Q

Noun de

We can combine i and na verbs

A

wansan wa 45 saide, dokushin desu
karinasan wa indoneshia jin de, daigakuno ryuu gakusei desu
karinasan wa gakusei de, mariyasan wa shufu desu

99
Q

V1 te form kara, V2

A

okane wo irete kara, botan wo oshite kudasai

mou hirugohan wo tabemashitaka?
kono shigoto ga owatte kara, tabemasu

100
Q

N1 wa N2 ga adjective

This sentence pattern indicates that the topic N1 has the characteristics of the N2 ga adjective

A

oosaka wa tabemono ga oishii desu
doitsu no furanken wa wain ga yuumei desu
mariasan wa kami ga nagai desu

101
Q

N o V

A

watashi wa shichi ji ni uchi wo demasu

watashi wa umeda de densha wo orimashita

102
Q

douyatte

This is used when asking the way or how to do something

A

daigaku de douyatte ikimasuka?

kyouto kara 16 ban no basu ni notte, daigaku mae de orimasu

103
Q

dore/dono Noun

dore is an interrogative used when asking someone to specify one item out of a list of three or more

A

miraasan no kasa wa doredesuka?
anou ooi kasa desu

santosusan wa dono hito desuka?
ano segatakakute, kami ga kuroi hito desu

104
Q

Nai form

Group 1
The last i line sound before masu changes to A line to make nai form of group1

kakimasu
nomimasu
hanashimasu
tachimasu
isogimasu
asobimasu

kaimasu
iimasu
suimasu
aimasu

A 
kakanai
nomanai
hanasanai
tatanai
isoganai
asobanai

kawanai
iwanai
suwanai
nai

105
Q

Nai form

Group 2
To change group2 verbs into nai form, one must remove masu and attach nai

tabemasu
misemasu
okimasu
mimasu
arimasu
wasuremasu
dekakemasu
abimasu
A 
tabenai
misenai
okinai
minai
arinai
wasurenai
dekakenai
abinai
106
Q

Nai form

Group3
To change shimasu into nai form, one must remove masu and attach nai

shimasu
kimasu
benkyoushimasu
koppishimasu
mottekimasu
A 
shinai
konai
benkyoushinai
koppishinai
mottekonai
107
Q

Verb nai form naide kudasai
Please don’t do

This sentence pattern is used to ask or tell someone not to do something

A

kokode shashin wo toranaide kudasai
watashi wa genkidesukara, shinpaishinaide kudasai
byouki desukara, ofuro ni hairanaide kudasai
kyoushite de hanasanaide kudasai
mado wo okenaide kudasai

108
Q

V nai form nakereba narimasen
Must do

This sentence pattern is used to say that something must be done. Note that it is not in negative

A

watashi wa kusuri wo noma nakereba narimasen
ashita tesuto desukara, benkyoushi nakeraba narimasen
kanji ga wakara nakerba narimasen

109
Q

V nai form nakutemo iidesu
Need not do

This sentence pattern is used when saying that it is not necessary to do something

A

ashita ko nakutemo iidesu
dansu wo shi nakutemo iidesu
nimotsu wo motte ika nakutemo iidesu

110
Q

N (time) madeni V

This indicates a time by which an event will end or an action must be completed

A

kaigi wa 5 ji madeni owarimasu

doyoubi madeni hon o kaesa nakereba narimasen

111
Q

Dictionary form
Group 1

kakimasu
yomimasu
torimasu
suimasu
isogimasu
asobimasu
machimasu
hanashimasu
A 
kaku
yomu
toru
suu
isogu
asobu
matsu
hanasu
112
Q

Dictionary form
Group 2

tabemasu
mimasu

A

taberu

miru

113
Q

Dictionary form
Group 3

shimasu
kimasu

A

suru

kuru

114
Q

Noun ga dekimasu
Verb Dictionary form koto ga dekimasu

Can do

A

mirasan wa nihongo ga dekimasu
mirasan wa kanji wo yomu kotoga dekimasu
kaado de harau kotoga dekimasu

115
Q

watashino shumi wa
Noun desu
Verb Dictionary form koto desu

My interest is

A

watashino shumi wa ongaku desu

watshino shumi wa ongaku wo kiku koto desu

116
Q

V1 dictionary form mae ni V2
N no mae ni V2
Quantifier (time period) mae ni V2

A

nihon he kuru mae ni, nihongo wo benkyoushimashita
neru mae ni, hon wo yomimasu
shokuji no mae ni, te wo araimasu
tanaka san wa ichi jikan mae ni, dekakemashita

117
Q

nakanaka

not easily or not as expected

A

nihon wa nakanaka uma wo miru koto ga dekimasen

118
Q

zehi

by all means, please

A

zehi hokkaido he ikitaidesu

zehi asobi ni kite kudasai

119
Q

V ta form

kaite
nonde
tabete
itte
kite
shite
A 
kaita
nonda
tabeta
itta
kita
shita
120
Q

V ta form koto ga arimasu

have experience

A

uma ni notta koto ga arimasu

nihon ni itta koto ga arimasu

121
Q

V1 ta form ri, V2 ta form ri shimasu

A

nichiyoubi wa tenisu wo shita ri, eiga wo mita ri shimasu
nichiyoubi wa tenisu wo shita ri, eiga wo mita ri shimashita
nichiyoubi wa tenisu wo shite, eiga wo mimashita

122
Q

i adjective ku narimasu
na adjective ni narimasu
noun ni narimasu

become

A

semuku narimasu
genki ni narimasu
nijuu gosai ni narimasu

123
Q

Polite style and Plain style

tabemasu dictionary form
tabemasen nai form
tabemashita ta form
tabemasen deshita nai form

haraimasu
haraimasen
haraimashita
haraimasen deshita

ikimasu
ikimasen
ikimashita
ikimasen deshita

aimasu
aimasen
aimashita
aimasen deshita

A

taberu
tabenai
tabeta
tabenakatta

harau
harawanai
haratta
harawanakatta

iku
ikanai
itta
ikanakatta

aru
nai
atta
nakatta

124
Q

Polite style and Plain style

For i adjectives	
oishii desu
oishikunai desu
oishikatta desu
oishikunakatta desu
For na adjectives
hima desu
hima ja arimasen
hima deshita
hima ja arimasen deshita
For Noun
kumori desu
kumori jaarimasen
kumori deshita
kumori jaarimasen deshita
A

oishii
oishikunai
oishikatta
oishikunakatta

himada
hima janai
hima datta
hima janakatta

kumorida
kumori janai
kumori datta
kumori janakatta

125
Q

kedo

A

kono karee wa oishii?
un, karai kedo, oishii

sumou no chiketto aru kedo, isshoni ikanai?
ii ne

126
Q

Plain form to omoimasu

I think that

A

ashita amega furu to omoimasu

depaato ga ikutsu aru to omoimasu

127
Q

Sentences plain form to iimasu

say

A

neru mae ni oyasuminasai to iimasu
yamada san wa ano michi wa kantanda to iimasu
watashi wa chichi ni ryuugakushitai to iimashita

128
Q

Verb, i, na, N - deshou?

right?

A

bangarooru wa kouen ga kirei deshou?
ashita paatii ni iku deshou?

oosaka wa samukatta deshou?
iie, sonnani samukunakatta desu

129
Q

N1 (place) de N2 ga arimasu

take place, to be held, to occur

A

toukyou de nihon to burajiru no sakkaa no shiai ga arimasu

130
Q

N (ocassion) de

A

kaigi de nanika iken wo iimashitaka

131
Q

N demo V

recommending, suggesting or expressing a hope for something

A

chotto biiru demo nomimasenka

132
Q

Verb nai form naito

A

mou kaeranaito

133
Q

Noun modification

In the below keeki is the noun, so to modify it the verb in plain form will be palced before the noun

tomodachi ni keeki o agemasu
kinou ryouri o tsukurimashita
toshokan de hon o yomimasu
This is the house where Mr.Miller used to live

A

tomodachi ni ageru keeki desu
kinou tsukatta ryouri desu
toshokan de yomu hon desu
korewa miraasan ga sunde ita uchi desu

134
Q

V dictionary form jikan/yakusoku/youji

A

watashi wa asagohan wo taberu jikan ga arimasen

watashi wa tomodachi to eiga wo miru yakusoku ga arimasu

kyou wa shiyakusho he iku youji ga arimasu

135
Q

V masu from mashouka?

Shall we?

A

kono heya, kyou miru koto ga dekimasuka?

ee, ima kara ikimashouka

136
Q 
V dictionary form
V nai from nai
i adj i                                           toki
na adj na
N no

when

A

toshokan de hon wo kariru toki kaado ga irimasu
tsukaikatta ga wakaranai toki watashi ni kiite kudasai
kodomo no toki yoku kawa de oyogimashita

137
Q

V dictionary form toki
V ta form toki

When

A

pari he iku toki kaban wo kaimashita

pari he itta toki kaban wo kaimashita

138
Q

V dictionary form to

If… then…

A

kono botan wo osu to, otsuri ga demasu
kore wo mawasu to, oto ga ookii ku narimasu
migi he magaru to, yuubinkyouku ga arimasu

139
Q

N ga adj

A

oto ga chiisai desu

140
Q

N o motion V

A

kouen wo sanposhimasu
michi wo watarimasu
kousaten wo migi he magarimasu

141
Q

Kuremasu

third person	  to      third person
third person	  to      me or my family
I or my family	  to     third person
family members  to  me
I	to                        my family members
A 
agemasu
kuremasu
agemasu
kuremasu
agemasu

tomodachi wa watashi ni hon o kuremasu
watashi wa tomodachi ni hon o agemasu
otouto wa kimura san ni hana o moraimasu

142
Q

Verb te form (agemasu, moraimasu, kuremasu)

A

watashi wa kimurasan ni hon o kashite agemashita

watashi wa yamada san ni toshokan no denwabangou o oshiete moraimashita

143
Q

N1 wa N2 ga Verb

A

oishii wainu desune

ee, kono wainu wa satou san ga kuremashita

144
Q

Plain past form ra

If….

A

okane ga attara ryokou shimasu

jikan ga nakattara, terebi wo mimasen

145
Q

V ta form ra

A

juu ji ni nattara dekakemashou

146
Q 
V te form	
V nai from nakute	
i adj kute	                              mo
na adj de	
N de

Even if…

A

amega futte mo sentankushimasu
ano resutoran he ikanakute mo kirei desu
samukute mo nomitaidesu
atsui de mo asobitai desu

147
Q

moshi

If I had hundred million yen, I would like to travel the world

A

moshi ichi okuen attara iroiro na kuni wo ryokoushitai desu

Japanese Grammar (2 decks)

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