NA gilded age Flashcards
· c1865: policy of concentration and beginning of the destruction of buffalo (key to enforcing concentration and undermining NA culture and land claims)
· 1869: Grant’s ‘Peace Policy’: forced concentration as precursor to assimilation
· 1871: Indian Appropriations Act: NAs designated as ‘wards’ of the USG; Congress to determine reservation policy, BIA to implement policy; undermines NA tribal sovereignty
· 1874-75: Red River War (‘Buffalo War’): Southern Plains forced concentration
· 1876-77: Great Sioux War: Northern Plains forced concentration; leads to loss of 33% land on GSR and division of GSR
· c1877: policy of assimilation/Americanization: land and education
· 1879: Carlisle Indian Industrial School founded
· 1883: Code of Indian Offences
· 1886: US v Kagama: confirms Congressional authority over NA affairs; further erosion NA sovereignty
· 1887: Dawes Act (Allotment Act): basis of assimilation until 1934; acculturation Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho and Navajo; 50% land lost by 1900, 70% by 1934
· 1890: Wounded Knee
