Nagel Herbs to Know Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
scientific name for red rice yeast
A
Monascus purpureus
2
Q
part used of Monascus purpureus
A
mold/fungus
3
Q
key constituents of Monascus purpureusre
A
statins
4
Q
scientific name of cynara scolymus
A
artichoke leaf
5
Q
part used of cynara scolymus
A
leaf
6
Q
key constituents of cynara scolymus
A
caffeic acids (cynarin), flavonoids (rutin, luteolin), sesquiterpene lactones
7
Q
medicinal actions of cynara scolymus
A
Diuretic, alterative, choleretic, hypolipidemic agent, edema, rheumatism, gout, jaundice
8
Q
scientific name of Guggul
A
Commiphora mukul
9
Q
part used of Commiphora mukul
A
resin
10
Q
key constituents of Commiphora mukul
A
ketonic steroids (guggulsterones), mucilage , gum, lignans, fatty acid alcohols, sterols, esters
11
Q
medicinal actions of Commiphora mukul
A
anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-oxidant, anti-coagulant, ↑HDL, ↓LDL
12
Q
contraindications of Commiphora mukul
A
Caution with Cholesterol, TG lowering drugs, Anticoagulant drugs and thyroid medication
13
Q
toxicity of Commiphora mukul
A
insoluble parts are toxic; Uncommon Rash and GI upset
14
Q
scientific name of Fenugreek
A
Trigonella foenum-graecum
15
Q
part use of Trigonella foenum-graecum
A
ripe seeds
16
Q
key constituents of Trigonella foenum-graecum
A
galactomannans (mucilage, ↓cholesterol/ TGs); pyridine alkaloids, steroidal sapogenins; flavonoids; protein
17
Q
medicinal actions of Trigonella foenum-graecum
A
Demulcent, hypoglycemic, ↓cholesterol (de-fatted seeds) galactagogue, Stomachtic. Diabetes, dyspepsia
18
Q
contraindications of Trigonella foenum-graecum
A
caution with hypothyroid, blood thinners (has coumarin), curry-like body odor
19
Q
scientific name of Garlic
A
Allium sativum
20
Q
part used of Allium sativum
A
bulb
21
Q
key constituents of Allium sativum
A
sulphur
22
Q
contraindications of Allium sativum
A
not used within 10 days of surgery or with medications that inhibit blood coagulation; hypercoagulation conditions
23
Q
toxicity of
A
Fresh Allium can cause irritation to the gastric mucosa. Called Garlic Afterburn; Can cause blister on skin if applied directly
24
Q
scientific name of Hawthorne
A
Crataegus monogyna
25
part used of Crataegus monogyna
leaf and flower best, also berries
26
key constituents of Crataegus monogyna
Oligomeric procyanidins (OPC); Flavonoids (Hyperoside, Vitexin-2- O- rhamnoside, Rutin); triterpenoid sapogenins; amines
27
medicinal actions of Crataegus monogyna
♣ Cardioprotective, Mild hypotensive, Peripheral vasodilator, Anti arrhythmic, Anti oxidant, Restorative, Collagen stabilizing, astringent; palpitations, edema, angina, CAD, arteriosclerosis
28
contraindications of Crataegus monogyna
caution w/ other hypotensive drugs
29
toxicity of Crataegus monogyna
acute 6 g/kg
30
scientific name of mistletoe
Viscum album
31
part used of Viscum album
whole plant
32
key constituents of Viscum album
Lectins (Viscumin), Proteins, Polypeptides (Viscotoxins), Polysaccharides
33
medicinal actions of Viscum album
Sedative, Hypotensive, vasodialtor, Anti –cancer, immune; weak heart, dyspnea, hypertrophy, valve insuff
34
contraindications of Viscum album
avoided during pregnancy due to uterine stimulant action of tyramine
35
toxicity of Viscum album
berries are considered much more toxic than the leaves or stems
36
scientific name of Indian Snakeroot
Rauwolfia serpentine
37
key constituents of Rauwolfia serpentine
indole alkaloids (reserpine), Ajmaline, alseroxylone, rescinamine, roxinil
38
medicinal actions of Rauwolfia serpentine
Hypotensive, Sedative, Anti arrhythmic, tranquilizing, ↓HR, constrict pupils, ↓catecholamines (DA, NE, 5-HTP) → ↓sympathetic tone, vasodilation →↓BP; tachycardia, anxiety, schizophrenia, mania, migraines, alcohol w/d tremors
39
contraindications of Rauwolfia serpentine
♣ digitoxin, beta-blockers, levodopa, CNS depressants, anti-epileptics
40
scientific name of o Aconite/ Monkshood/ Wolfsbane/ Friars Cap
Aconitum napellus
41
key constituents of Aconitum napellus
Toxic diterpenoid alkaloids: aconitine, benzaconine, benzoylaconine, ephedrine, sparteine
42
medicinal actions of Aconitum napellus
small amount = stimulates; Febrifuge, Sedative,
43
toxicity of Aconitum napellus
large amount = depresses; tingling, numbness, nausea, salivation strangling, dysphagia, stomach pain → vomiting, prostration → ventricular fibrillation, cold extremities, can’t talk, ↓resp → death
44
medicinal action of o Gelsemium sempervirens
for nervous system, reduces irritability, strong sedative
45
scientific name of deadly nightshade
Atropa belladona
46
part used of Atropa belladona
leaf
47
key constituents of Atropa belladona
solanaceous alkaloids
48
medicinal actions of Atropa belladona
Narcotic, sedative, mydriatic (dilate pupils), respiratory spasmolytic, anodyne, GI, vasodilation, bronchial dilation, ↓vagus →tachycardia, ↑BP,
49
contraindications of Atropa belladona
glaucoma, urinary retention, paralytic ileus, intestinal atony and obstruction, tachycardia, arrhythmia, BPH
50
toxicity of Atropa belladona
tx toxicity with 2 mg IV Physostigmine; cocaine high → confusion, hallucinate, diplopa → fibrillation, ↑RR/T → paralysis, coma, death
51
part used of Bryonia alba
root
52
key constituents of Bryonia alba
cucurbitacin glycosides, triterpenes, sterols
53
medicinal actions of Bryonia alba
stitching pain, serous membranes (dry), esp chest, relax smooth mm, diaphoretic, diuretic, laxative, ↓BP, edema,
54
toxicity of Bryonia alba
♣ skin blisters on contact, GI inflammation, colic, vomit, diarrhea, weak heart, ↓T, mydriasis, HA, dizzy, delirium, cold sweat, death
55
part used of Veratrum virde
root
56
medicinal actions of Veratrum virde
like aconite; full/rapid pulse, cough, HA, fever, inflammation, hypertension
57
toxicity of Veratrum virde
highly toxic and poisonous
58
scientific name for puke weed
Lobelia inflate
59
key constituents of Lobelia inflate
Piperidine alkaloids (L/alpha-lobeline), Lobelanine, lobelanidine, norlobelanine, isolobinine; Triterpenoid saponin (beta amyrin), Chelidonic acid, carboxylic acid, Resins, Gums, Fats
60
medicinal actions of Lobelia inflate
stimulant and relaxant; “diffusive”; angina, CHF, sedative, pulmonary, asthma (anti-spasm),
61
toxicity of Lobelia inflate
tight throat, salivate, esophagus burns, vomit, weak, stupor, tremor, ↓BP, ↑RR, ↓T, pinpoint pupils → collapse, coma, death
62
dosing of Lobelia inflate
emetic (1 tsp dried, non-boiled); 600 mg/d max; ø 1:10 2 mL tid;
63
scientific name for Willow
Salix spp
64
part used for Salix spp
bark
65
key constituents of Salix spp
♣ Phenolic Glycosides: Salicin, Salicortin, Tremulacin, fragilin; Flavonoids: narigngen, cataechin, epicatechin; Condensed flavanones: dimeric and trimeric procyanidins
66
medicinal actions of Salix spp
♣ analgesic, haemostatic, antipyretic, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, astringent, bitter tonic; chronic low back pain
67
contraindications of Salix spp
ASA sensitivity, kids w viral infx or Reye’s syndrome sxs
68
scientific name of Devil's claw
Harpogophytum procumbens
69
medicinal actions of Harpogophytum procumbens
arthritis, inflammation
70
contraindication of Harpogophytum procumbens
may cause diarrhea
71
scientific name of Feverfew
Tanacetum parthenium
72
part used for Tanacetum parthenium
leaf and flower
73
medicinal actions of Tanacetum parthenium
migraines, arthritis
74
contraindications of Tanacetum parthenium
allergy to pollen
75
part used of Boswellia serrata
gum resin
76
key constituent of Boswellia serrata
boswellic acid
77
medicinal action of Boswellia serrata
inflammatory conditions of the joints and bowels
78
scientific name of Tumeric
Curcuma longa
79
part used of Curcuma longa
rhizome
80
key constituents of Curcuma longa
curcuminoids, volatile oils
81
medicinal actions of Curcuma longa
Anti-inflammatory, Anti-oxidant, Anti-hepatotoxic, Choleretic, Anti-lipidemic, Antagonist of Platelet Aggregating Factor (PAF), Anti-neoplastic Carminative, Stimulant, Alterative, Anti-bacterial, Vulnerary
82
part used of Cimicifuga
root and rhizome
83
key constituents of Cimicifuga
salicylic acid, caffeic acid
84
medicinal actions of Cimicifuga
anti-inflammation, fibromyalgia, arthritis, neuralgia, sciatica, perimenopause HAs
85
contraindication of Cimicifuga
1st tri (emmenagogue); lactating; estrogen sensitive CAs (controversial)
86
toxicity of Cimicifuga
frontal headaches with high doses
87
part used of Zingiber officinale
rhizome
88
key constituents of Zingiber officinale
♣ gingerol, shogaol, essential oil, zingiberine, arcurcumene
89
medicinal actions of Zingiber officinale
Choleretic. GI Stimulant. Anti-inflammatory. Diaphoretic.General Stimulant.Rubefacient. Carminative, anti emetic Expectorant. Analgesic.; motion sickness, N?V of pg, dydpepsia, gas, bloating, fever, osteoarthritis, inflammation; migraines
90
key constituents of Prunus cerasus
anthocyanin pigments, esp cyanidin-3-glucoside
91
medicinal actions of Prunus cerasus
anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity
92
scientific name of Blackberry
Rubus fruiticosus
93
key constituents of Rubus fruiticosus
polyphenols; Anthocyanins (cyaniding, pelargonidin glycosides), Flavonoids (rutin, isoquercitrin, catechins), Ellagic acid, ellagitannins, Caffeic, ferulic, gallic acids
94
medicinal actions of Rubus fruiticosus
antioxidant, radical scavenger
95
scientific name of Back Raspberry
Rubus occidentalis
96
part used of Rubus occidentalis
ripe fruit
97
medicinal actions of Rubus occidentalis
anti-CA
98
part used of Euphrasia officinalis
aerial
99
medicinal actions of Euphrasia officinalis
eye inflammation, congestion, astringent
100
key constituents of Euphrasia officinalis
Iridoid glycosides (aucuboside, aucubin, are anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial), Flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, apigenin glycosides), Tannin (mild, acrid bitter principle), volatile oil, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sterols, choline, fixed oils, fatty acids, vit. C, b-carotene, resin
101
scientific name of Ma Huang
Ephedra sinica
102
parts used of Ephedra sinica
stems and branches
103
key constituents of Ephedra sinica
ephedrine alkaloids, proanthocyanidins (tannins), volatile oil (tetramethylpyrazine), alpha-terpineol, flavonoid glycosides
104
medicinal actions of Ephedra sinica
bronchial dilator, decongestant, Diaphoretic, Antipyretic, Anti allergic, Antiasthmatic, Sympathomimetic, Respiratory spasmolytic; asthma; obesity?
105
contraindications of Ephedra sinica
Anxiety and restlessness, ↑BP, glaucoma, ↓circulation of cerebrum, adenoma of prostate w residual urine accumulation, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis, Pregnancy and lactation
106
drug interactions of Ephedra sinica
antihypertensives, cardiac glycosides, corticosteroids, MAO inhibitors, Xanthines
107
toxicity of Ephedra sinica
>300 mg/day → insomnia, HA, irritable, vomit, ↑HR, etc
108
scientific name of Nettles
Urtica dioica
109
part used of Urtica dioica
leaf
110
medicinal actions of Urtica dioica
Nutritional Alterative, Anti –Allergy, Diuretic, Anti-Arthritis, Sinus support, Liver support; atrophy, stagnation, depression, toxicity; ↓BP, hair loss, mucus, diarrhea, swelling, edema. Anemia of pregnancy, deficient lactation, Arthritis, gout, burns, hives, Atrophy or muscles or organs, Depletion, weakness, Allergies w protein sensitivities.
111
scientific name of Goldenseal
Hydrastis
112
part used of Hydrastis
root
113
key constituent of Hydrastis
berberine
114
medicinal actions of Hydrastis
♣ bitter tonic; digestive tonic; skin dos; eye inflammation; liver/GB congestion; tonic stimulant; ear infx, mucous membrane tonic; diarrhea/constipation, catarrh
115
toxicity of Hydrastis
large doses, dry membranes, weaken immune system, weaken digestions
116
scientific name of Mullein
Verbascum Thapsus
117
part used of Verbascum Thapsus
leaf and flower
118
key constituents of Verbascum Thapsus
♣ mucilage (D-galactose, Arabinose, D-mannose L-Fucose, Arabinogalactans); Flavonoids, Iridoid Monoterpenes, Saponins and Sterols.
119
medicinal actions of Verbascum Thapsus
♣ Expectorant, Demulcent, anti catarrhal, vulnerary; otitis pain
120
key constituents of Propolis
resins, balsams, beeswax, aromatic oils, bee pollen, flavonoids, amino acids, B vitamins,
121
medicinal actions of Propolis
antimicrobial, anti-tussive, protector, vulnerary
122
scientific name of Biscuit Root
Lomatium dissectum/
123
key constituents of Lomatium dissectum/
essential oils, coumarins, furanocoumarins, pyranocoumarins, saponins, gums, resins, tetronic acids
124
medicinal actions of Lomatium dissectum/
antimicrobial, immune support, tonic, tussive, expectorant; flu w sweat & fever, URI, herpes, HIV, CFS, candida, skin infx/ulcers (topical)
125
contraindications of Lomatium dissectum/
long term, sun exposure
126
toxicity of Lomatium dissectum/
full body rash
