names for stratification

Question 1

DURKHEIM

Answer 1

• stratification helps organic analogy
• everyone knows their function

Question 2

DAVIS AND MOORE

Answer 2

• role allocation
• stratification is a universal necessity

Question 3

PARSONS

Answer 3

• people will accept hierarchies
• role allocation
• sex role theory

Question 4

SAUNDERS

Answer 4

• dependency culture leads to a cycle of deprivation
• failure to integrate
• opportunity hoarding is good

Question 5

MURRAY

Answer 5

• underclass lack skills and therefore are reliant on the state
• laissez faire economics

Question 6

MARX

Answer 6

• economic determinism
• proletariat are alienated and commodified by the bourgeoisie

Question 7

ALTHUSSER

Answer 7

• ISA/RSA
• false class consciousness

Question 8

HALL

Answer 8

• counter culture
• organic intellectuals organise political movements against capitalist stratification

Question 9

WRIGHT

Answer 9

• embourgeoisment
• petit bourgeoisie who have authority e.g. small business owners

Question 10

WEBER

Answer 10

• class, status and party
• status = power
• not just economic
• market position (demonstrates the nature of a person’s lifestyle)

Question 11

SHARPE

Answer 11

• LIBERAL FEMINIST
• genderquake, policy change leads to gender equality

Question 12

WALBY

Answer 12

• RADICAL FEMINIST
• 6 spheres of patriarchy
• paid work, housework, sexuality, culture, violence and the state

Question 13

FIRESTONE

Answer 13

• RADICAL FEMINIST
• female biology causes gender inequality e.g. pregnancy limits careers

Question 14

CARLEN

Answer 14

• MARXIST FEMINIST
• lose out on class and gender deal

Question 15

MIRZA

Answer 15

• BLACK FEMINIST
• intersectional feminism
• e.g. black women more likely to die in childbirth

Question 16

PAKULSKI AND WATERS

Answer 16

• POSTMODERNIST
• death of class
• status based on consumption

Question 17

STRINATI

Answer 17

• POSTMODERNIST
• society based on consumption
• blur of high and low culture

Question 18

MAFFESOLI

Answer 18

• neo tribes based on consumption
• POSTMODERNIST

Question 19

BECKER

Answer 19

• INTERACTIONIST
• labelling stratifies

Question 20

GOFFMAN

Answer 20

• INTERACTIONIST
• stigmatised identities

Question 21

OAKLEY

Answer 21

• FEMINIST
• triple shift
  unpaid labour in the household, no time for leisure, work, etc.

Question 22

ANSLEY

Answer 22

• FEMINIST
• women are trapped in the home
• women are takers of shit from their husband, support frustration so don’t go for higher opportunities

Question 23

MAC AND GHAIL

Answer 23

• crisis of masculinity
• supported by recent lost boys study

Question 24

ARBER

Answer 24

• women are less economically active in life
• higher life expectancy than men but less money in old age

Question 25

LEMERT

Answer 25

Older men have more gravitas in the media

Question 26

BIGGS

Answer 26

Young and elderly are stereotyped in the media, ageism

Question 27

GILROY/MCPHERSON REPORT

Answer 27

Institutional racism so opportunities are blocked by those in power

Question 28

GILBORN AND YOUDELL

Answer 28

Media stereotypes which leads to SFP, black boys more likely to be viewed as aggressive which leads to exclusion and lower life chances

Question 29

BRADLEY

Answer 29

Female WC jobs are paid less than the equivalent male WC job

Question 30

PLATT

Answer 30

Educational achievement for ethnic minorities does not translate to work opportunities

Question 31

SCOTT

Answer 31

Disability, learned helplessness

Question 32

SHAKESPEARE

Answer 32

Disability is a social construct based on labelling

Question 33

Institute of Fiscal Studies (2023)

Answer 33

Geography is the main factor in social mobility regardless of other factors

Question 34

GOLDTHORPE

Answer 34

- identified 7 classes based on the occupation of the head of the household - 1967 Affluent Worker Study which found the 'affluent worker' (economic but no cultural capital) - OXFORD MOBILITY STUDY 1972, high absolute mobility but little relative mobility

Question 35

SAVAGE

Answer 35

- Great British Class Survey - OBJECTIVE MEASURE - 7 new classes based on social cultural and economic capital - NEW AFFLUENT WORKER (high economic but low social/cultural) - PRECARIAT (lowest class, gig economy, unstable)

Question 36

NS-SEC

Answer 36

- current class measurement system - based on employment relations and conditions, job flexibility, agency from job, etc.

Question 37

STATE OF THE NATION 2022

Answer 37

- blamed aspirations and parental values for lack of social mobility - personal responsibility

Question 38

STATE OF THE NATION 2024

Answer 38

- geography is the key factor - more complex to analyse social mobility - recognise structural inequalities

Question 39

MODOOD

Answer 39

- assimilation of 2nd gen - grouping everyone together (e.g. through BAME labe;l) ignores cultural complexities and differences

Question 40

RESERVE ARMY OF LABOUR

Answer 40

- term used by Marxist feminists to describe the unemployed who work in temporary jobs for low wages. - Immediate gratification for WC mothers who have no time for normal jobs due to the triple shift