Naming Alkanes And Introduction To Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
What is the general formula for alkanes?
A
CnH2n+2
2
Q
True or False: Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
A
True
3
Q
What is the name of a 5-carbon alkane?
A
Pentane
4
Q
Fill in the blank: The simplest alkane is ____.
A
Methane
5
Q
Which suffix is used in the naming of alkanes?
A
-ane
6
Q
What is the IUPAC name for C3H8?
A
Propane
7
Q
True or False: Alkanes can have double bonds.
A
False
8
Q
What is the name of the alkane with the formula C6H14?
A
Hexane
9
Q
Which of the following is an alkane? A) C2H4 B) C3H6 C) C4H10
A
C4H10
10
Q
What is the common name for the alkane with 8 carbon atoms?
A
Octane
11
Q
Fill in the blank: An alkane with 7 carbon atoms is called ____.
A
Heptane
12
Q
What is the IUPAC name for C5H12?
A
Pentane
13
Q
True or False: Alkanes can form cyclic structures.
A
True
14
Q
What is the name of a cyclic alkane with 6 carbon atoms?
A
Cyclohexane
15
Q
What is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in a branched alkane called?
A
Parent chain
16
Q
Which prefix indicates a 4-carbon alkane?
A
But-
17
Q
What is the IUPAC name for an alkane with a branched chain of 2-methylpentane?
A
2-Methylpentane
18
Q
Fill in the blank: The prefix ‘dec-‘ indicates ____ carbon atoms.
A
10
19
Q
True or False: The name of an alkane is based on the number of carbon atoms it contains.
A
True
20
Q
What is the name of the alkane with the formula C10H22?
A
Decane
21
Q
Which of the following is a valid name for an alkane? A) C5H11 B) 3-Hexane C) 2,2-Dimethylbutane
A
2,2-Dimethylbutane
22
Q
What is the IUPAC name for C12H26?
A
Dodecane
23
Q
Fill in the blank: The prefix for 3 carbon atoms is ____.
A
Prop-
24
Q
What is the name of the alkane with 9 carbon atoms?
A
Nonane
25
True or False: Alkanes can have functional groups like alcohols or ketones.
False
26
What is the parent chain in the alkane 3-ethyl-2-methylpentane?
Pentane
27
28
What is the general formula for alkanes?
C_nH_(2n+2)
29
True or False: Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
True
30
What suffix is used in the IUPAC nomenclature of alkanes?
-ane
31
Fill in the blank: The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in an alkane is called the __________.
parent chain
32
What is the name of the alkane with 5 carbon atoms?
Pentane
33
How do you determine the correct numbering of carbon atoms in a branched alkane?
Number the chain to give the substituents the lowest possible numbers.
34
Which of the following is a branched alkane: A) Hexane B) 2-Methylpentane C) Octane?
B) 2-Methylpentane
35
What is the prefix used for a 4-carbon alkyl group?
Butyl
36
True or False: The name '2,3-Dimethylbutane' indicates that there are two methyl groups on the second and third carbons of a butane chain.
True
37
What is the IUPAC name for CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃?
Butane
38
Fill in the blank: The term __________ refers to a compound that has the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.
isomer
39
What is the name of the alkane with 10 carbon atoms?
Decane
40
How do you name an alkane with a cyclic structure?
Use the prefix 'cyclo-' followed by the alkane name.
41
What is the common name for 2-Methylpropane?
Isobutane
42
True or False: The position of substituents is indicated by numbers in the IUPAC name.
True
43
What is the prefix used for a 6-carbon alkyl group?
Hexyl
44
What is the IUPAC name for the alkane represented by the formula C₇H₁₆?
Heptane
45
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the component of an alkane name that indicates the presence of substituents.
locant
46
What is the correct IUPAC name for a straight-chain alkane with 8 carbon atoms?
Octane
47
Which of the following is NOT a valid alkane: A) Pentane B) Butyne C) Hexane?
B) Butyne
48
What is the IUPAC name for an alkane with the formula C₉H₂₀?
Nonane
49
True or False: Alkanes can have double or triple bonds.
False
50
What is the name of the alkane with 3 carbon atoms?
Propane
51
What is the common name for 3-Methylpentane?
3-Methylpentane
52
Fill in the blank: A __________ is a group of atoms that replaces a hydrogen atom in an alkane.
substituent
53
What is the IUPAC name for the alkane with the structure CH₃-CH(CH₃)-CH₂-CH₃?
2-Methylbutane
54
What is the prefix used for a 7-carbon alkyl group?
Heptyl
55
56
What is organic chemistry?
The branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds.
57
True or False: Organic compounds can only contain carbon and hydrogen.
False
58
Fill in the blank: The simplest organic compounds are called ______.
hydrocarbons
59
What are hydrocarbons?
Compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
60
What are the two main categories of hydrocarbons?
Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
61
Define aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons that are not aromatic and can be straight-chain or branched.
62
Define aromatic hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons that contain one or more benzene rings.
63
What is the general formula for alkanes?
C_nH_(2n+2)
64
What is the general formula for alkenes?
C_nH_(2n)
65
What is the general formula for alkynes?
C_nH_(2n-2)
66
True or False: Alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.
True
67
What is a functional group?
A specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for characteristic chemical reactions.
68
Give an example of a functional group.
Hydroxyl group (-OH)
69
What property of organic compounds is primarily influenced by the presence of functional groups?
Chemical reactivity
70
What is isomerism?
The phenomenon where compounds have the same molecular formula but different structures.
71
What are structural isomers?
Isomers that differ in the connectivity of their atoms.
72
What are stereoisomers?
Isomers that have the same connectivity but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms.
73
What does the term 'hydrophobic' refer to?
A property of compounds that do not interact well with water.
74
What does the term 'hydrophilic' refer to?
A property of compounds that interact well with water.
75
What is the significance of carbon's tetravalency in organic chemistry?
It allows carbon to form stable bonds with four other atoms, leading to diverse molecular structures.
76
True or False: Organic chemistry only deals with naturally occurring compounds.
False
77
What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.
78
What is the primary source of hydrocarbons?
Fossil fuels
79
What is a key property of hydrocarbons that affects their boiling points?
Molecular weight and branching
80
What is the process of cracking in hydrocarbons?
Breaking down larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones, often to produce fuels.
81
What type of bond is found in alkenes?
Double bond
82
83
What is organic chemistry?
Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds.
84
True or False: Organic chemistry only deals with substances derived from living organisms.
False.
85
What element is central to organic chemistry?
Carbon.
86
Fill in the blank: Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist only of ______ and ______.
carbon; hydrogen.
87
What are the two main types of hydrocarbons?
Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
88
What is an example of an aliphatic hydrocarbon?
Alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes.
89
What distinguishes aromatic hydrocarbons from aliphatic hydrocarbons?
Aromatic hydrocarbons contain a ring structure with delocalized pi electrons.
90
True or False: All hydrocarbons are flammable.
True.
91
What is the simplest alkane?
Methane (CH4).
92
What is the general formula for alkanes?
C_nH_(2n+2).
93
What are cycloalkanes?
Cycloalkanes are alkanes that contain a ring structure.
94
What is a common use of hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are commonly used as fuels, such as gasoline and natural gas.
95
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down hydrocarbons into smaller molecules is known as ______.
cracking.
96
What is an example of an aromatic hydrocarbon?
Benzene.
97
What are the physical states of hydrocarbons at room temperature?
Gaseous, liquid, or solid, depending on the molecular size.
98
True or False: Hydrocarbons can be used as solvents.
True.
99
What is the role of hydrocarbons in the production of plastics?
Hydrocarbons serve as the raw materials for the synthesis of many plastics.
100
What is the process called that converts hydrocarbons into alcohols?
Hydrogenation.
101
What are saturated hydrocarbons?
Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.
102
What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
103
Fill in the blank: The boiling point of hydrocarbons generally ______ as the molecular weight increases.
increases.
104
What are some environmental concerns associated with hydrocarbons?
Pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and oil spills.
105
What is the significance of functional groups in organic chemistry?
Functional groups determine the chemical reactivity and properties of organic compounds.
106
What is isomerism in organic chemistry?
Isomerism is the occurrence of compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements.
107
True or False: Hydrocarbons do not react with acids.
False.
108
What is the main source of hydrocarbons?
Fossil fuels, such as oil and natural gas.
109
What is the definition of an organic compound?
An organic compound is typically defined as any chemical compound that contains carbon-hydrogen bonds.
110
True or False: All carbon-containing compounds are classified as organic compounds.
False
111
Which carbon-containing compounds are considered exceptions to the organic classification?
Carbonates, carbides, and carbon oxides are examples of carbon-containing compounds that are not classified as organic.
112
Fill in the blank: Carbon _______ and carbon _______ are examples of carbon-containing compounds that are not organic.
dioxide, monoxide
113
What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?
CO2
114
Which of the following is NOT an organic compound? A) Methane B) Ethanol C) Calcium carbonate D) Acetic acid
C) Calcium carbonate
115
True or False: Carbides are organic compounds.
False
116
What type of compound is calcium carbide (CaC2)?
It is a carbide, which is a carbon-containing compound that is not organic.
117
What do carbonates contain that makes them inorganic?
Carbonates contain the carbonate ion (CO3^2-), which classifies them as inorganic.
118
Fill in the blank: The compound _______ is an example of a carbon oxide.
carbon monoxide
119
List two examples of carbon oxides.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO).
120
Which of the following is a characteristic of inorganic carbon compounds? A) They contain carbon-hydrogen bonds B) They are derived from living organisms C) They do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds D) They are all gases
C) They do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds
121
What is the main difference between organic and inorganic carbon compounds?
Organic compounds contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, while inorganic compounds do not.
122
True or False: Urea is classified as an organic compound.
True
123
What is the exception for urea being classified as an organic compound despite containing carbon?
Urea contains carbon but is derived from biological processes, thus it is considered organic.
124
What is the significance of the carbon atom's ability to form four covalent bonds?
It allows carbon to form a diverse range of organic compounds, but does not apply to inorganic compounds.
125
Which of the following compounds contains carbon but is not organic? A) Sucrose B) Sodium bicarbonate C) Ethylene D) Glucose
B) Sodium bicarbonate
126
Define a carbide.
A carbide is a compound composed of carbon and a less electronegative element.
127
True or False: All carbon-containing compounds are derived from living organisms.
False
128
What is the formula for sodium carbonate?
Na2CO3
129
Name one use of carbonates in industry.
Carbonates are commonly used in the production of glass.
130
Fill in the blank: The gas _______ is produced when carbon combusts in insufficient oxygen.
carbon monoxide
131
What is the importance of distinguishing between organic and inorganic compounds?
It helps in understanding chemical properties, reactions, and applications in various fields.
132
True or False: All inorganic carbon compounds are harmful.
False
133
What type of bond is primarily found in organic compounds?
Covalent bonds.
134
Which carbon compound is used as a fuel and is organic? A) Methane B) Calcium carbonate C) Carbon dioxide D) Graphite
A) Methane
