nanoneurology

Question 1

permanent disabilities following CNS injuries result from failure of injured ___ to regenerate and rebuild functional connections with their original targets

Answer 1

axons

Question 2

manipulation of neurons at single cellular level will help to understand better how nerves regenerate:

Answer 2

• to evaluate functional recovery
• rapid identification of factors that impact functional recovery

Question 3

LASER stands for…

Answer 3

Light amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

Question 4

a laser is a device that stimulates atoms or molecules to ___ at particular ___ and amplifies that light, typically producing a…

Answer 4

emit light
wavelength
very narrow beam of radiation

Question 5

ordinary light is a mixture of ___ of different ___

laser light is ___

Answer 5

electromagnetic waves
wavelengths

monochrome

Question 6

a ___ laser is a laser which emits optical pulses with a duration well below ____

Answer 6

1 fs (ultrashort pulses)

Question 7

femtosecond is…

Answer 7

one millionth of a billionth of a second

Question 8

a femtosecond laser belongs to the category of ___ lasers or ___ lasers

Answer 8

ultrafast

ultrashort pulse

Question 9

femtosecond laser pulses can create transient ___ in ___

Answer 9

nano-pores

cell membranes

Question 10

with femtosecond lasers, it is possible to carve channels ___ wide, the amount of photons is ~ ________, __ orders of magnitude greater than outdoor sunlight

Answer 10

200-500 nm wide

100 quadrillion watts per square meter

14

Question 11

with femtosecond lasers, because the pulse is so brief, actual energy delivered into cells is only…

Answer 11

few nano-joules

Question 12

with femtosecond lasers, to achieve the same intensity with nano-second pulses would require so much energy that…

Answer 12

the cell would be destroyed

• manipulation at “single cell level”

Question 13

the nanometer precision of femtosecond laser ablation enables the selective ___ of significantly more structures

Answer 13

dissection

ex: a neuronal fiber connecting sensory cilia or distal synapses to a cell body is often bundles with the fibers of other neurons
- only a scalpel with nanometer precision in the bulk can dissect this fiber without collaterally damaging neighbors

Question 14

neuronal regeneration assisted by ultrashort laser pulses …

neurons labeled with ___
axon diameter of ___

Answer 14

scientists cut single axons inside C. elegans with pulses energies of 10-40 nJ, using only 100 tightly focused 200-fs near infraredpulses

GFP protein
300 nm

Question 15

femtosecond laser pulses and NPs is a potential application for ___

Answer 15

drug delivery

physical-based method