Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cold War > narrative fact after 70 > Flashcards

narrative fact after 70 Flashcards

(79 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

When was the hotline set up between Washington and Moscow?

A

1963

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What were the three main treaties in the 60s?

A
  • Limited Test Ban Treaty
  • Outer Space Treaty
  • Nuclear Non-Poliferation treaty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When and what was the limited test ban treaty?

A

August 1963 - USA and Soviet Union agreed to stop testing Nuclear weapons in the atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When and what was the Outer Space treaty?

A

1968 - promise to use outer space for peaceful purposes and not place nucelear weapons in orbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When and waht was the Nuclear Non-proliferation treaty?

A

1968 - designed to stop spread of nuclear weapons. agreed to not develop them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When was SALT 1 confirmed? What does SALT stand for?

A

1972 - Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were the military caps made in SALT 1?

A
  • Anti-ballistic missiles only allowed at two sites with a max of 100 missiles
  • USA allowed 1,054 ICBMs and 740 SLBMs
  • USSR allowed 1,618 ICBMs and 740 SLBMs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was the basic principles agreement made in SALT 1?

A

Had the rules for the conduct of nuclear warfare and set steps to avoid nuclear warfare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When did Nixon visit Brezhnev?

A

1972

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When did Brezhnev visit Nixon?

A

1973

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When did talks begin for SALT 2?

A

1974

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When were the Helsinki accords?

A

1975

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many countries agreed the Helsiniki accords? Where were they from?

A

35 - NATO and the Warsaw Pact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What were the three main ‘baskets’ (agreements) at the Helsinki accords?

A
  • Settling European borders and making them inviolable
  • improving relations between West and Soviet controlled countries- trade agreements, technology exchanges, joint space mission
  • ensuring countries respect human rights and individual freedoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When was the joint American-Soviet space mission? What was it called?

A

1975 - Apollo-Soyuz mission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When did Carter and Brezhnev sign a complex SALT 2 agreement?

A

18th June 1979

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happened with SALT 2? Why?

A

it was never ratified in the senate as there was increasing Soviet support for communist groups in El Salvador, Nicaragua and Angola and the capturing of the US embassy by Islamic militants as well as then the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What would have been limited/banned in SALT 2?

A
  • restricted missile launchers and strategic bombers
  • ban on testing and deploying new ICBMs
  • 2,400 strategic nuclear delivery vehicles limit
  • 1,320 MIRVs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What were Brezhnev’s concerns in Afghanistan by 1979?

A
  • growing power of Islamic fundamentalism led by the Mujahideen
  • Amin’s extreme anti-Muslim government which were beginning to build relations with America whilst Soviet Military Assistance provided him support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many Muslims were living in the Soviet Union which Brezhnev wanted to restore control over?

A

30 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When was Afghanistan invaded?

A

24th December 1979 to 1st January 1980

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many Soviet Troops invaded Afghanistan?

A

50,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What was done during the invasion, to reinstate Soviet control in Afghanistan?

A

Amin was murdered and a new government was set up, led by a trusted pro-communist, Babrak Karmal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How long to Soviet Troops stay in Afghanistan to withold karmal’s leadership?

A

10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What did Carter issue in response to Brezhnev's claims that Soviet troops had been invited by the Afghan government to protect it?
Carter Doctrine
26
What was the Carter Doctrine?
Stated American would use its military to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf region. Also promised US military aid to all the countries bordering Afghanistan
27
What did Carter promise the Mujahideen?
Military support
28
What did Carter cut with the USSR after the invasion of Afghanistan?
Trade
29
Where were the 1980 Olympic games held?
Moscow
30
Which government were the Soviet troops in Afghanistan protecting?
The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
31
What were American companies forbidden from sending to the USSR in 1980?
high technology equipment and shipments of grain
32
How many other countried boycotted the Moscow Olympics?
61
33
Which Olympics did the Soviet Union boycott?
Los Angeles Olympics 1984
34
How did Reagan refer to the Soviet Union?
"evil empire"
35
When did Reagan launch his Strategic Defence Initiative?
1983
36
What was the Strategic Initiative plan?
launch satellites equipped with powerful lazers, which would intercept Soviet missiles in space and destroy them before they could do any harm to the USA
37
How and why did the Soviets react to the Strategic defence initiative?
Made them furious ince they knew they could not compete with the plan, they were behind in Space and computer technology whilst the Soviet economy was not producing enough wealth
38
To which process did America move to from MAD?
NUTS- Nuclear Utilization Target Selection
39
How much did Reagans defence program cost?
more than three trillion dollars
40
What was involved in Reagan's defence programme introduced in between 1981 and 87?
- 100 MX missiles - 100 B-1 long range and supersonic bombers - new stealth bomber - six trident nuclear submarines - developing neutron bomb - placement of cruise missiles in West EUrope to counteract Soviet SS20 missiles being deployed
41
Which anti-Reagan replaced Brezhnev in 1982?
Yuri Andropov
42
When was the zero-option proposed
November 1981
43
What was the zero option?
- US cancels deployment of US intermediate-range missiles in Western Europe - Soviet's dismantle comparable forces
44
When did Gorbachev come to power?
1985
45
What was the name of the talk to reduce arms under Reagan?
Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START)
46
Why did START talks cease?
- Soviets imprisoned leaders of Solidarity in Poland in 1982 - so USA banned all hi tec trade with USSR - Soviet delegation walked out of START talks in 1983
47
What were Gorbachev's main two home affair reforms?
- Glasnost | - Perestroika
48
What was glasnost?
- openness - ensured censorship of the press was relaxed - encouraged scrutiny and public discussion - allowed for more transparency on government activity
49
What was perestroika?
- restructuring - economic reforms designed to make the Soviet economy more efficient - reduction on arms spending - made Soviet economy include some capitlaist practices such as privitisation
50
When did Gorbachev reject the Brezhnev doctrine?
1988
51
What summits took place in the mid to late 80s?
- Geneva: November 1985 - Reykjavik : October 1986 - Washington : December 1987 - Moscow : 1988 - Malta : 1989 - Washington : 1990
52
What was the outcome of the Geneva summit, November 1985?
- Geneva Accord set out which commited both powers to speed up arms talks - improving relations
53
What was the outcome of the Reykjavik summit, October 1986?
- no agreement made | - Gorbachev's proposition to phase out nuclear weapons if American's gave up SDI was denied
54
What was the outcome of the Washington summit, December 1987?
- Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty was signed
55
What was the outcome of the Malta summit 1989?
- Both leaders agreed this summit marked the end of the cold war
56
What was agreed in Washington in 1990?
- The signing of the Treaty for the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Arms - agreed to reduce strategic forces over seven years
57
What the INF treaty, 1987, agree?
- Eliminated nuclear and ground launched ballistic and cruise missiles with a range between 500-5500km - both nations were allowed to inspect eachother's military installations
58
What was the impact of the INF treaty by 1st June 1991?
2692 weapons had been destroyed
59
What was set up in 1988 in the Soviet Union?
- a new parliament | - Congress of People's deputies
60
What did the new congresses in Soviet countries and the Union itself allow?
Voters to have a choice of candidates incuding non-communists
61
What did Gorbachev announce to the UN in 1988?
a reduction in Warsaw pact troops
62
When did military cooperation stop in the Eastern block?
Early 1990s
63
When was the Warsaw Pact formally ended?
July 1991
64
When did the Soviet Union fall?
December 1991
65
What and when was the Sinatra doctrine?
1989 - accepted that members of the Warsaw Pact could make changes to their own countries without expecting outside interference
66
How was Soviet control in Poland ended?
June 1989: Solidarity is legalised and wins landslide victory in Polish elections. Mazowiecki became the first ever non-Communist prime minister in Eastern Europe
67
How was Soviet control ended in Hungary?
- Democratic elections won by Democratic Forum (an alliance of non-Communist groups) in 1989 - May 1989: opening of Hungary's borders to Austria and West
68
How was Soviet control ended in Czechoslovakia (velvet revolution)?
- 17th Nov 1989: huge demonstrations against communism - 24th Nov : Communist government resigned - 9th Dec : non-Communist Havel becomes president - 1990 : democratic elections won by Civic forum (an alliance of non-Communist groups)
69
What happened in Bulgaria after Sinatra doctrine?
- Leader Peter Mladenov resigns on national tv in December 1989 - Free elections in 1990 are won by a renmamed Communist party
70
How was Soviet control ended in Romania?
- 21st December 1989: huge crowds in Bucharest booed President Ceausescu who feld but was later captured - 1990: National Salvation front win democratic elections
71
How many East Germans fled to West through Hungary and Austria in Septeber 1989?
125,000
72
How was Soviet control lost in East Germany?
- October 1989: Gorbachev on visit says Soviet troops would not put down demonstrations - 23rd October: 300,000 protested in Leipzig - 4th November: 1million protested in East Berlin - 9th November: Berlin wall pulled down
73
When did East and West Germany unite?
October 1990
74
When did Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania declare independence from USSR?
1990
75
When did the Soviet Union split into all its independent states?
After Gorbachev's resignation in December 1991
76
What two prizes did Gorbachev win, depicting him as a hero in the west?
1989 - Times magazine man of the decade | 1990 - Gorbachev gains Nobel Peace Prize
77
How much did Reagan raise the US defence spending by in 1982? 1983-84?
13% | 8%
78
When was the Carter Doctrine issued?
January 1980
79
What is the Reagan Doctrine? What was its impact?
US would support anyone trying to overthrow communist governments. Consequently, supported anti-communists groups in Nicaragua and El Salvador. Invaded Grenada and toppled communist government even

Cold War (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions