Narrative fact till 70 Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Iron Curtain Speech date
A
March 1945
2
Q
Potsdam Conference date
A
July/August 1945
3
Q
Long Telegram date
A
February 1946
4
Q
Who wrote the long telegram? What was his position?
A
George Kennan - a US diplomat in Moscow
5
Q
Novikov Telegram date
A
September 1946
6
Q
Who wrote the Novikov telegram? What was his position?
A
Nikolai Novikov, Soviet Ambassador in Washington
7
Q
Main ideas in the long telegram:
A
- USSR wanted to spread Communism and were prepared to take down anyone in their way
- they were dangerous and Stalin wasn’t reassured by America
8
Q
Main ideas in the Novikov telegram:
A
- danger of possible US economic and military domination worldwide
9
Q
Start and end date of Berlin Blockade:
A
24 June 1948 – 12 May 1949
10
Q
How many tonnes of supplies did planes deliver during the Berlin Blockade?
A
1.5 million
11
Q
How many planes were used in the Berlin Blockade?
A
275,000
12
Q
Date of creation of NATO
A
April 1949
13
Q
Date of Warsaw Pact
A
1955
14
Q
Name and date of bomb dropped on Hiroshima:
A
Little Boy - August 1945
15
Q
Year atomic bomb made in USSR
A
1949
16
Q
Year H-Bomb was made in USA
A
1952
17
Q
Date H-Bomb was made in USSR
A
AUgust 1953
18
Q
Date when USSR planes could drop H-Bombs like Americans
A
September 1954
19
Q
Creation of U2 spy plane date
A
July 1956
20
Q
Soviet inter-continental ballistic missile date
A
May 1957
21
Q
Names of American ICBMs and dates of creation
A
Atlas and Minuteman - 1959
22
Q
Year American SLBMs were developed
A
1960
23
Q
Date that the Tsaar bomb was succesfully tested
A
August 1961
24
Q
When did the Red Army assume control in Poland?
A
Summer 1944
25
When were the Lublin poles given control in Poland?
January 1945
26
When did rigged elections take place in Poland?
1947
27
When were Romania and Bulgaria taken over by the Red Army?
Late 1944
28
When did the communist prime minister come to power in Romania?
February 1945
29
When were rigged elections held in Bulgaria?
November 1945
30
How did the Soviet Union assume control of Czechoslovakia?
- a bad harvest in 1947 meant elections were called for there in MAy 1948
- however, the communists feared losing them so took Czechoslovakia by force and held rigged elections
31
What countries had the Soivet Union conquered in 1940?
Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia
32
Which two countries became satellite states of the Soviet Union indirectly?
Yugoslavia and Albania
33
When was Marshall Aid introduced?
April 1948
34
How much money did Marshall Aid give out?
$12.7 billion
35
When was cominform set up?
October 1947
36
When was Comecon set up?
January 1949
37
What were the main ideas of cominform?
- Communist Information Bureau
- Co-ordinate Communist parties throughout Europe
- Ensure States in Eastern Europe followed Soviet aims in foreign policy
- encouraged inter-member trading and discouraged foreign contact
38
What were the main ideas of Comecon?
- Council for Mutual Assistance
- meant to be a means by which the USSR could financially support Eastern European countries
- actully used by USSR to control economies of Eastern Europe
- arranged trade and credit agreements and collectivisation and nationalised industry
39
Bizonia creation
1947
40
Trizonia creation
March 1948
41
Introduction of Deutschmark
June 1948
42
How much money did West Germany receive from the Marshall plan?
1.4 billion dollars
43
When did the Berlin Blockade begin/end?
June 24th 1948/ May 12th 1949
44
What did Stalin hope would prevent the airlift?
The 1948/49 winter
45
When was the BRD set up?
May 1949
46
When was the DDR set up?
October 1949
47
Who was prime minister of Hungary in the first half of 1956?
Rakosi
48
What radical reforms had Rakosi introduced in Hungary?
- communist indoctrination
- persecution of the church
- control using the AVH
49
How many people were imprisoned/killed under Rakosi?
100,000 imprisonments and 2,000 deaths
50
Who replaced Rakosi? When? WHy?
Erno Gero in July 1956 due to demonstrations against Rakosi
51
When did demonstrations in Hungary take place aginst Soviet Control? How did Stalin respond?
October 1956 - by sending tanks and troops into Budapest
52
When was Imre Nagy reinstated as prime minister in Hungary?
26th October 1956
53
When were Imre Nagy's proposed reforms published?
31st October 1956
54
When did Stalin respond to Nagy's intentions to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact?
4th November 1956
55
How many troops and tanks were sent into Hungary?
200,000 troops and 6,000 tanks
56
How many Hungarians were killed in the Hungarian Uprising?
30,000
57
How many refugees were there after the Hungarian uprising?
200,000
58
Which hard-line communist was given power in Hungary after Nagy?
Janos Kadar
59
When was Imre Nagy executed (on Kadar's orders)?
16th June 1958
60
How many East Berliners were defecting to the West s day by 1961?
2000
61
When did Khruschev issue the Berlin ultimatum?
27th November 1958
62
What was the Berlin ultimatum?
since the Western powers have 'violated' the Potsdam Agreements they must deminilitarise Berlin and declare it a free city within six months otherwise Stalin will take all trade routes to Berlin
63
Where was the first summit? When?
May 1959 in Geneva
64
Where was the second summit? When?
Camp David in September 1959
65
Where was the third summit arranged to be? When?
Paris in May 1960
66
What occured before the Paris conference, leading to its not taking place?
The USSR shot a US U2 spy plane above Russia and demanded an apology for spying but the USA refused
67
Where did the final summit take place? When?
Vienna in June 1961
68
Where was the Ultimatum withdrawn? re-issued?
Camp David
| Vienna
69
How much did Kennedy raise the US defence budget by after the Vienna summit?
$3.2 billion
70
When did construction of the Berlin Wall begin?
13th August 1961
71
When did Castro overthrow Batista in Cuba?
January 1959
72
What condition did Eisenhower issue Castro if he wanted to receive American economic aid?
He was follow the International Monetary Fund guidlines
73
When does Castro nationalise all foreign owned land?
May 1959
74
What agreement is made between Castro and Khrushchev? when?
Khrushchev will buy Cuban sugar and provide economic aid to Cuba and Castro's regime whilst secretly, Cuba will receive arms from the USSR - February 1960
75
When does Eisenhower ban all trade with Cuba?
October 1960
76
What CIA scheme does Eisenhower issue to do with Cuba?
The training of a Cuban exile force to invade Cuba, known as 'La Brigada'
77
When did the Bay of Pigs invasion take place?
17th April 1961
78
What were the consequences of the Bay of Pigs invasion?
- USA lost support of Latin America
- Castro declares Cuba's conversion to communism
- Cuba grows closer to USSR
- Kennedy seen as weak about lying about America's involvement
79
What do the USSR send to Cuba throughout 1962?
Military Supplies
80
When do Soviet technicians begin instaling Ballistic Missiles in Cuba?
September 1962
81
What occurs on the 14th October 1962?
American U2 spy plane takes pictures of medium range ballistic missiles in cuba and a fleet of soviet ships is discovered sailing to Cuba
82
What occurs between 16-19th October 1962?
Kennedy gathers ExComm to discuss how US should react to missile threat
83
What occurs on the 20th October 1962?
Kennedy imposes a naval quarantine around Cuba to prevent Soviet ships with weapons reaching Cuba
84
What occurs on the 22nd October 1962?
Kennedy adresses America on tv justifying the use of the blockade to remove missiles in Cuba and he promises no nuclear war. He also informs Khrushchev that the Soviet convoy approaching Cuba would be stopped and searched
85
What occurs on the 24th October 1962?
18 Soviet ships turn around to avoid confrontation. Khruschev issues statement insisting the Soviet Union would use nuclear weapons in the event of a war
86
What occurs on the 25th October 1962?
Kennedy demands the removal of missiles in Cuba else he will invade them
87
What occurs on the 26th October 1962?
Khrushchev sends Kennedy a telegram saying he will remove missiles in Cuba if US publicly agree not to invade Cuba
88
What occurs on the 27th October 1962?
Khrushchev sends another telegram which promises the removal of missiles in return for the removal of US missiles in Turkey. A US spy plane is shot down over Cuba
89
What occurs on the 28th October 1962?
The leaders reach an agreement on the verge of war to remove missiles from Turkey and Cuba but America would do it without the public knowing. The US will also not invade Cuba
90
Which leader of Czechoslovakia came to power in 1967?
Antonin Novotny
91
What were the negative impacts in Czechoslovakia due to Novotny?
- failed to improve the countries state
- economy rapidly declined
- national income fell
92
Who challenged Novotny's leadership in October 1967 and where?
- Dubcek and Ota Sik
| - Meeting of Central Committee of the Communist Party
93
When does Brezhnev withdraw support for Novotny? Why?
December 1967 after seeing the opposition to Novotny
94
When does Dubcek become the First Secretary of the Communist party?
5th January 1968
95
What does Dubcek wish to introduce as the new leader?
A series of reforms:
- more freedom
- less oppression
- 10 year program to change Czechoslovakia into a multi-party state with democratic elections
96
What do DUbcek's reforms give rise to in Czechoslovakia?
- the Social Democrats party
| - calls for more extreme reform
97
Who pressures Brezhnev to take action in Czechoslovakia?
- Walter Ulbricht (East Germany)
| - Gemulka (Poland)
98
Armies from which countries invade Czechoslovakia?
- Bulgaria
- Poland
- East Germany
- Hungary
- USSR
99
When is Czechoslovakia invaded?
20th August 1968
100
What do the Czechoslovakians do after falling under the hard line communist regime again?
Protest throughout 1968 and 69
101
How does Dubcek grant greater political freedom?
- abolishes press censorship
| - free speech
102
What is the impact of the greater political freedom in Czechoslovakia by March 1968?
The media is exposing corruption, discussing social and political issues and even grilling communist party leaders
103
What methods are taken by Dubcek to improve the content of the people?
- Secret police are given fewer powers
- travel restrictions are lifted
- work councils are created
104
Who was Vasil Bilak and what was his famous quote to Brezhnev about Czechoslovakia during the Prague Spring?
The leader of the Slovakian Communist Party - "use all the means at your disposal" (to end reforms")
105
What was passed to re-assert control over Czechoslovakia on the 3rd August 1968?
Bratislava declaration
106
What was the number of men involved in La Brigada?
1,400
107
How many men made up the Cuban Army?
20,000
108
Who and where were La Brigada trained?
CIA in Guatemala
109
When did Kennedy confirm support for La Brigada?
January 1961
