Nasal Cavities

Question 1

What type of cartilage is nasal cartilage?

Answer 1

hyaline

Question 2

What type of tissue is found in the ala of the nose?

Answer 2

fibro-areolar

Question 3

what are the nares of the nostrils called?

Answer 3

ala

Question 4

what sort of LA should NOT be used near the nasal cartilages?

Answer 4

La containing adrenaline

Question 5

which parts of the ethmoid bone contribute to the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

cribriform plate and crista gali

Question 6

which bone other than the ethmoid bone contributes to the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

anterior cranial fossa and nasal bones

Question 7

which parts of the ethmoid bone contribute to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

superior and middle nasal conchae, ethmoid air cells, orbital plate of ethmoid

Question 8

which bone other than the ethmoid bone contributes to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

inferior nasal conchae

Question 9

which parts of the ethmoid bone contribute to the septum of the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

perpendicular plate of ethmoid

Question 10

which bone other than the ethmoid bone contributes to the septum of the nasal cavity?

Answer 10

vomer

Question 11

Describe Le Fort I fracture

Answer 11

separation of hard palate and maxilla , just below level of floor of nasal cavity, through the pterygoid plates

Question 12

Describe Le Fort II fracture

Answer 12

separation of the maxilla and pterygoid plates, through the nasal orbital ethmoid area and nasofrontal bone

Question 13

Describe Le Fort III fracture

Answer 13

separation of the frontozygomatic suture, zygomatic arch and the pterygoid plates.

Question 14

What can Le Fort II and III disturb and what does this result in?

Answer 14

disruption of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone - danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa

Question 15

What is the treatment for a septal haematoma?

Answer 15

incised and drained to prevent avascular necrosis of the septal hyaline cartilage

Question 16

Name the 3 different types of nasal mucosa and where they are found

Answer 16

Most anterior = keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
middle of posterior = respiratory epithelium
superior and posterior = olfactory mucosa

Question 17

what passes through the cribriform plate of to reach olfactory mucosa?

Answer 17

receptor cells

Question 18

What is the number and modality of the olfactory nerves?

Answer 18

CN I, special sensory

Question 19

What are the 3 parts of the olfactory nerves?

Answer 19

Receptor cells, olfactory bulbs, olfactory tracts

Question 20

Where do the olfactory tracts terminate?

Answer 20

temporal lobes

Question 21

Where is the olfactory area found?

Answer 21

on both the lateral wall and septum

Question 22

What gives the nasal cavity its somatic sensory nerve supply?

Answer 22

anterosuperiorly = CNV1 - nasocillary 
posteroinferiorly = CNV2 - nasopalatine and greater palatine nerves

Question 23

Which branches of the external carotid artery supply the nasal cavity?

Answer 23

facial and maxillary

Question 24

Which branch of the internal carotid artery supply the nasal cavity?

Answer 24

opthalmic

Question 25

Which branches of the facial artery supply the nasal cavity?

Answer 25

lateral nasal branch of facial artery OR septal branch of superior labial artery

Question 26

Which branches of the maxillary artery supply the nasal cavity?

Answer 26

sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries

Question 27

Which branches of the opthalmic artery supply the nasal cavity?

Answer 27

anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

Question 28

What is Kiesselbach's area?

Answer 28

an arterial anastomosis on the nasal septum which is a common site for nose bleeds

Question 29

What is the medical term for nose bleeds?

Answer 29

Epistaxis

Question 30

What are nasal meatuses?

Answer 30

Spaces under the nasal conchae

Question 31

Where should a nasogastric tube be inserted?

Answer 31

following the inferior nasal meatus

Question 32

What are 2 anatomical features that one should bear in mind when inserting a nasogastric tube?

Answer 32

Kiesselbach's/Little's area, eustachian tubes

Question 33

Name all the paranasal sinuses

Answer 33

frontal maxillae sphenoidal ethmoidal

Question 34

what are paranasal sinuses lined by?

Answer 34

mucous-secreting respiratory mucosa

Question 35

where do the frontal and maxillary sinuses drain to?

Answer 35

the middle meatus

Question 36

where do the ethmoidal air cells drain to?

Answer 36

superior and middle meatuses

Question 37

where do the sphenoidal sinuses drain to?

Answer 37

the sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 38

where do tears drain to?

Answer 38

from the lacrimal gland to the nasolacrimal duct

Question 39

where does the nasolacrimal duct drain to?

Answer 39

the inferior meatus

Question 40

define sinusitus

Answer 40

inflammation of the mucosa if the paranasal sinuses

Question 41

what are ostia?

Answer 41

holes in the recesses and meatuses of the lateral wall which allow drainage of mucous from paranasal sinuses

Question 42

where are the maxillary sinuses predisposed to inflammation?

Answer 42

because the maxillary ostia are found superiorly on the medial wall, and so the mucous has to drain against gravity

Question 43

what may result from extraction of an upper tooth with regards to the maxillary sinuses?

Answer 43

oro-antral fistula

Question 44

if the root of an upper tooth has a dental abscess, what may happen?

Answer 44

the tooth can spread the infection into the antrum of the maxillary sinus, i.e. dental abscess can cause maxillary sinusitis

Question 45

why may maxillary sinusitis present as a toothache?

Answer 45

due to the common sensory nerve supply from CN V to the antral mucosa and the teeth

Question 46

what type of pain is this toothache as a result of maxillary sinusitis?

Answer 46

referred pain